. Introduction to inorganic chemistry . his would indicatea pressure of 760 X -i- , or 616 mm.( atmospheres). In practice a small bent tube opening intothe cylinder is used as a manometer (Fig. 74).The other end of the tube is closed, and someair is confined in this end by mercury. Thediminution in the volume of the air registersthe pressure. The smaller tube, drawn out toa point, is used for filling the cell with thesolution and is then sealed before the blow-pipe. The whole apparatus is immersed ina large bath of water whose temperature can be maintained constant during the exper
. Introduction to inorganic chemistry . his would indicatea pressure of 760 X -i- , or 616 mm.( atmospheres). In practice a small bent tube opening intothe cylinder is used as a manometer (Fig. 74).The other end of the tube is closed, and someair is confined in this end by mercury. Thediminution in the volume of the air registersthe pressure. The smaller tube, drawn out toa point, is used for filling the cell with thesolution and is then sealed before the blow-pipe. The whole apparatus is immersed ina large bath of water whose temperature can be maintained constant during the experiment. Concordant readingsare hard to get in consequence of difficulties inherent in the prepara-tion and use of the apparatus, but the general relations of the resultscan be stated in a very simple form. Ten years after Pfeflers experimental work, vant Hoff first formulated thelaws of osmotic pressure. He showed that the general analogy between the gase-ous state and the state of solution could be developed so as to exhibit a complete. Fia. 74. 288 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY correspondence between the laws of both. His conclusions (1887) were foundedpartly on Pfefters results and partly on supplementary experiments, and are givenin the three following paragraphs (see, also, appendix to this chapter). Osmotic Pressure and Concentration. — A part of one ofPfefters sets of experiments will show the relation in this respect: Pkb Cent of Sugar. Osmotic Peessukb. PBK CeN T OF SUQAE. Osmotic Pbessuke. 12 535 46 2082 The osmotic pressures of a series of solutions of the same substanceare proportional to their concentrations. The form of the law is the same as that of Boyles law (p. 81). The pressures are in general thesame for the same concentrations whatever solvent is used. Osmotic Pressure and Temperature.—Pfeffer, using a one percent solution of sugar at two different temperatures, found the pressureat ° to be 510 mm. and at 32° to be 544 mm. Not only does osmot
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