. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology . i3o P. J. P. WHITEHEAD In percentages of standard length : body depth 25-3, head length 25-3 ; snout length 3-9, eye diameter 4-6, length of upper jaw 24-5, length of lower jaw 19-3 ; pectoral fin length 18-7, pelvic fin length 7-9, length of anal fin base 35-1 ; pre- dorsal distance 487, pre-pelvic distance 41-5, pre-anal distance 56-5. Body compressed, its depth equal to head length. Snout length a little less than eye diameter. Jaws with a single series of fine, close-set teeth of even length. Maxilla reaching almost
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology . i3o P. J. P. WHITEHEAD In percentages of standard length : body depth 25-3, head length 25-3 ; snout length 3-9, eye diameter 4-6, length of upper jaw 24-5, length of lower jaw 19-3 ; pectoral fin length 18-7, pelvic fin length 7-9, length of anal fin base 35-1 ; pre- dorsal distance 487, pre-pelvic distance 41-5, pre-anal distance 56-5. Body compressed, its depth equal to head length. Snout length a little less than eye diameter. Jaws with a single series of fine, close-set teeth of even length. Maxilla reaching almost to gill opening and a little beyond articulation of lower jaw; 1st (anterior) supra-maxilla not found (absent in other specimens) ; 2nd (posterior) supra-maxilla long and slender, failing to reach posterior tip of maxilla, the latter a little pointed and toothed along ventral edge as far as tip (Figure 11). Operculum and sub-operculum narrow and inclined at an angle of 450 ; sub-operculum almost square, with a triangular projection from the upper half of the posterior margin ; opercular series failing to cover gill opening completely. A semicircular fleshy process with small canals behind gill opening. Pseudobranch present, distal half of filaments exposed, remainder covered, its length f of eye diameter. Gillrakers moderately stout, ij times as long as corres- ponding gill filaments, a little greater than \ eye diameter ; gillraker serrae becoming stronger and more crowded distally ; 6 very short rakers on posterior part of 3rd epibranchial. Dorsal fin origin nearer to snout tip than to caudal base by 1 eye diameter ; height of fin 21*9 per cent, of Pectoral fin reaching 1 eye diameter beyond pelvic fin base, and J eye diameter in front of vertical from dorsal origin ; 1st ray flattened, with a fleshy appendage above, J length of fin itself. Pelvic fin base. Fig. 11. Upper jaw and opercular bones (right side) in Engraulis spinifer lectotype (= Anchoa spinifer), 131-4 mm.
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