. A manual of electro-static modes of application, therapeutics, radiography, and radiotherapy . n the tissues which are of substances impenetrable tothe ray, calculi in the kidneys, bladder, ureter, or gall-bladder,—also in examinations for differential diagnosis, or for the pur-pose of determining the prognosis in affections of the bones,joints, or the diagnosis of aneurisms, and for examination ofthe viscera. In diagnosing fractures and dislocations a fluoroscopic ex- 207 208 STATIC ELECTRICITY animation should first be made for the purpose of deter-mining at what position the skiagraph wil
. A manual of electro-static modes of application, therapeutics, radiography, and radiotherapy . n the tissues which are of substances impenetrable tothe ray, calculi in the kidneys, bladder, ureter, or gall-bladder,—also in examinations for differential diagnosis, or for the pur-pose of determining the prognosis in affections of the bones,joints, or the diagnosis of aneurisms, and for examination ofthe viscera. In diagnosing fractures and dislocations a fluoroscopic ex- 207 208 STATIC ELECTRICITY animation should first be made for the purpose of deter-mining at what position the skiagraph will best show theconditions present, and then two skiagraphs should be made,the exposures of which should be at right angles to eachother, and in such a manner as to give the best expressionof the deformity, as determined by the fluoroscopic examina-tion. The localization of foreign bodies which have been swal-lowed or lodged in the tissues often requires a degree of dex-terity, skill, and a knowledge of the technique only obtainedby special training and experience. It is this particular de-. Fig. 23—Gauge. partment of the work which has so often brought radiographyinto disrepute with the surgeons. The quality of tube best suited for this work will, in mostinstances, be one of fairly high vacuum, because objects to belocated are generally of metal, and detail is then of little im-portance. If, however, it is sought to locate an object easilytraversed by the rays, it will then be necessary to employ atube of low vacuum. The time of the exposures will be maderelative to the part in which the foreign body is to be located. In the case of a needle or a bullet in the hand or thin portionof the foot, it may be necessary to take but one skiagraph tolocate the object. In the thick portions of the body, as the trunk or limbs, it PRACTICAL SKIAGRAPHY. 209 will be necessary to make two exposures, which should bemade at right angles to each other in order that the objectmay be located in
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