. Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge. erely decorative apjiendages to the book the ornamental treatment of the title-pagewith peculiar lettei-s, the use of red or blue ink, andthe insertion of a printers emblem or some appr()pri-ate vignette, we must mention the engraved title-pafe (in the 16th and 17th centuries often a mostelaborate and costly piece of work), the frontis-piece or engraving placed opposite the title-page;ornamental initial lettei-s for chapters; headpieces orvignettes for the blank space generally left beforethe beginning of a new cha
. Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge. erely decorative apjiendages to the book the ornamental treatment of the title-pagewith peculiar lettei-s, the use of red or blue ink, andthe insertion of a printers emblem or some appr()pri-ate vignette, we must mention the engraved title-pafe (in the 16th and 17th centuries often a mostelaborate and costly piece of work), the frontis-piece or engraving placed opposite the title-page;ornamental initial lettei-s for chapters; headpieces orvignettes for the blank space generally left beforethe beginning of a new chapter; and tailj)ieces atthe end of the chanters. The amount of artisticeHort lavished on these apparent trides will bestbe understood bv consulting Niedling, Biichcr-orna-mentik (1888); Bouchot, The Printed Book: andAustin Dobsons chapter in A. Langs The Library(.see also the works supra at Title-i)ages). By theearliest printers the insertion of decorative detailswas left to a special artist—the rubricker (so calledfrom the red ink which he mainly employed).. Imprint of Gaspard IMiilippe, Paris(lOOO-lO). 304 BOOK BOOKBINDING Space was often left for his initial letters, and atmost only a small letter inserted to guide liini. In describing .seeoiul-liand books various technicalexpressions are employed. Black Letter is explainedin a separate article. Uncut means that theoriginal size of the paper has not been reduced bycropping the edges, not, as is often supposed, thattlie i)aper is still in the sheet, a condition for whichthere is no generally accepted term. The Frenchuse non coupe in this latter sense, and for uncut non ror/ne. Foxed means that a book isdamaged by brown or yellow spots. Curious isused euphemistically for improper. Unique, rare, and \ery rare, require no explanation,but should be accepted with caution. Many booksoriginally printed in thousands ( school-books)have become rare and even uniqiie in course oftime ; others have been so from tlie first throughth
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