. Railroad construction. Theory and practice . HALF END HALF SECTIOI note:- in plage of brick arch,rubble stone arch of same thick-mess may be used (To jace page 211.) STANDARD ARCH CULVERT 8 FEET SPAN NORFOLK & WESTERN (1891). tl I 192 CULVERTS AND MINOR BRIDGES, 211 liable to ^Aork in behind the masonry during floods and perhapscause scour. This design uses less masonry than (a) or (b). 192. Example of arch culvert design. In Plate IV is shownthe design for an 8-foot arch culvert according to the standardof the Norfolk and Western R. R. Note that the plan uses theflaring wing walls (Fig.
. Railroad construction. Theory and practice . HALF END HALF SECTIOI note:- in plage of brick arch,rubble stone arch of same thick-mess may be used (To jace page 211.) STANDARD ARCH CULVERT 8 FEET SPAN NORFOLK & WESTERN (1891). tl I 192 CULVERTS AND MINOR BRIDGES, 211 liable to ^Aork in behind the masonry during floods and perhapscause scour. This design uses less masonry than (a) or (b). 192. Example of arch culvert design. In Plate IV is shownthe design for an 8-foot arch culvert according to the standardof the Norfolk and Western R. R. Note that the plan uses theflaring wing walls (Fig. 102, h) on the up-stream side (thusprotecting the abutments from scour) and straight wing walla(similar to Fig. 102, c) on the down-stream end. This econo-mizes masonr}-^ and also simplifies the constructive work. Notealso the simplicity of the junction of the wing walls with thebarrel of the arch, there being no re-entrant angles below thespringing line of the arch. The design here shown is but oneof a set of designs for arches varying in span from 6 to 30. MINOR OPENINGS. 193. Cattle-guards, (a) Pit guards. Cattle-guards will beconsidered under the head of minor openings, since the old- 4 X 13 X 7 0 12x12x138 •11x14x6
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Keywords: ., bookauthorwebbwalt, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookyear1903
