. Bulletin. Natural history; Natuurlijke historie. Fig. 36. Pectoral girdles of various 'nothosaurs' in ventral and lateral aspects. A, B, Nothosaurus after Romer (1956) and Carroll and Gaskill (1985); C, D, Corosaurus; E, Paranothosaurus after Peyer (1939); F, Keichousaurus after Young (1958); G, H, ''''Pachypleurosaurus" after Carroll and Gaskill (1985). Compare with Figs. 13 and 14. Scale bars = cm. SAUROPTERYGIAN ORIGINS AND RELATIONSHIPS The probable origin of the Sauropterygia from primitive diapsids has been briefly discussed above. Carroll (1981) described as Claudiosaurus a sm
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natuurlijke historie. Fig. 36. Pectoral girdles of various 'nothosaurs' in ventral and lateral aspects. A, B, Nothosaurus after Romer (1956) and Carroll and Gaskill (1985); C, D, Corosaurus; E, Paranothosaurus after Peyer (1939); F, Keichousaurus after Young (1958); G, H, ''''Pachypleurosaurus" after Carroll and Gaskill (1985). Compare with Figs. 13 and 14. Scale bars = cm. SAUROPTERYGIAN ORIGINS AND RELATIONSHIPS The probable origin of the Sauropterygia from primitive diapsids has been briefly discussed above. Carroll (1981) described as Claudiosaurus a small, aquatic reptile from the Upper Permian of Madagascar (Piveteau 1955) which he considered to be the earliest and most primitive sauropterygian known. The appendicular specializations and lower temporal emargination (presumed arcade loss) of Clau- diosaurus clearly support this interpretation. The propodials of Claudiosaurus, for example, very closely resemble those of 'nothosaurs' and, in fact, share certain derived features with the Sauropterygia such as reduced epicondyles and an ectepicondylar foramen which has been transformed to a notch. Its gross cranial anatomy (apart from the missing lower temporal arch), the existence of an in- terpterygoid vacuity, the presence of palatal dentition, and certain other skeletal characteristics appear quite similar to those of younginiform 'eosuchians' (Sub- order Younginiformes Romer, 1945) such as Hovasaurus, Tangasaurus, Thadeo- saurus, and Youngina (Carroll 1981; Currie 1981, 1982; Currieand Carroll 1984) but these are plesiomorphic characteristics. They are, however, united by the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Peabody Museum of Natural History. New Haven : The Museum
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