A history of the American nation . which the ancient constitution cannot subsist. The Massachu-setts representatives called for a general congress of the October (1765) delegates from nine colonies assembled in NewYork. Fear of the French, dread of the Indians, and all else hadhitherto not brought about union. Now in a moment, when ^ Burkes Speech on Conciliation with America. 142 HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NATION their chosen liberties were threatened, they came congress drew up memorials addressed to the EnglishGovernment, and a Declaration of Rights and Grievances ofth


A history of the American nation . which the ancient constitution cannot subsist. The Massachu-setts representatives called for a general congress of the October (1765) delegates from nine colonies assembled in NewYork. Fear of the French, dread of the Indians, and all else hadhitherto not brought about union. Now in a moment, when ^ Burkes Speech on Conciliation with America. 142 HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NATION their chosen liberties were threatened, they came congress drew up memorials addressed to the EnglishGovernment, and a Declaration of Rights and Grievances ofthe Colonists in America. But the resistance to the Stamp Act was not all by remon-strance. In Boston during the summer there was disorder.^. The stamp collector was hansjed in effiarv; the Disorder and , , . tt i ^ riots. house ot Lhiet Justice Hutchmson was sacked. Other acts of violence occurred. Though the townmeeting of Boston expressed its abhorrence of such con-duct, it was clear that there were some who did not distinguish. The Repeal, or the Fxjxeral Procession of Miss Americ-Stamp A Contemporary Cartoon. From the original in the Emmet Collection, New York Public Library between orderly and disorderly resistance. In Xew York, too,there were mobs, and there was strong evidence ever^^^vherethat the act could be enforced only at the point of the bayonet,if at all. Societies were organized, called Sons of Liberty,pledged to resist the obnoxious law. ^lany entered into agree-ments not to use British goods. Meanwhile, there were amazement and discomfiture in CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION 143 England. The merchants began to feel a loss of trade. Gren-ville had resigned before he could see the consequence of his own well-meaning folly. A new ministry wasfenced^^ Confronted with serious difficulties, for America seemed actually on the verge of open violence andresistance. William Pitt, who for some time had been keptby illness from his place in the House, now appeared to sup-port the


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