. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . pressed by each wheel that passes over it. Thislever is geared to a fly-wheel, which is set rapidly revolving andcauses an armature to revolve in the field of a magnet, and thusgenerates a current and rings a gong, precisely as is done with thefamiliar magnetic bell used with the telephone. About thirteen per cent, of the train-accidents in the UnitedStates, in the last sixteen years, were derailments due to defectsof road. These include not only defective rails, switches, andfrogs, but bridge wrecks. There are
. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . pressed by each wheel that passes over it. Thislever is geared to a fly-wheel, which is set rapidly revolving andcauses an armature to revolve in the field of a magnet, and thusgenerates a current and rings a gong, precisely as is done with thefamiliar magnetic bell used with the telephone. About thirteen per cent, of the train-accidents in the UnitedStates, in the last sixteen years, were derailments due to defectsof road. These include not only defective rails, switches, andfrogs, but bridge wrecks. There are, however, few devices usedin the track, other than those already mentioned, that can be calledsafety appliances. This class of accidents is to be provided againstonly by good material, good workmanship, and unceasing so-called safety switches and safety frogs are offered to rail-road officers, but those actually in wide use are confined to a veryfew standard forms. The split-switch, which is shown in the en-gravings on pages 206 and 207, has gradually replaced the old. Some Results ol a BuUing Cullibion-Baggage and Pdsse Cais Telescoped. Stub-switch, as well as most of the safety switches that havebeen from time to time introduced ; although the stub-switch isstill in considerable use in yards where movements are slow, andin the main tracks of the less progressive roads. It consists of apair of moving rails the ends of which are brought opposite to the ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY STUB-SWITCHES. 219
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