. The natural history of plants. Botany. LI. CASTANEACE^. Bctula pmnila. I. BIECH SERIES. It is not witli the Chestnuts, from whicli it received its name more than a century since, that we shall commence the study of this family, inasmuch as they represent a type with inferior ovary and complicated by the presence of an involucre quite peculiar, but with the Birches^ (fig. 146-157), of which the gynse- cium is superior and the flowers regular ape- talous and monoecious. The males are often tetramerous, and the calyx may then, as in B. pumila^ (fig. 146-150), be formed of four sepals. They are
. The natural history of plants. Botany. LI. CASTANEACE^. Bctula pmnila. I. BIECH SERIES. It is not witli the Chestnuts, from whicli it received its name more than a century since, that we shall commence the study of this family, inasmuch as they represent a type with inferior ovary and complicated by the presence of an involucre quite peculiar, but with the Birches^ (fig. 146-157), of which the gynse- cium is superior and the flowers regular ape- talous and monoecious. The males are often tetramerous, and the calyx may then, as in B. pumila^ (fig. 146-150), be formed of four sepals. They are rarely equal in that case; much more frequently the anterior is more developed than the three others, which are themselves unequal. These latter may even disappear in great part or completely, as in neighbouring species. The andrcecium is re- presented by four elongate extrorse cells de- hiscing by a longitudinal cleft.^ According to certain authors, there are as many unilocular anthers ; according to others (and this opinion ought probably to be adopted) there are only two anthers primarily superposed to two of the sepals, the anterior and posterior, the cells of which are quite separate, because each of these cells is supported by one of. Fig. 146. Foliaceous and floriferous tramoh. 1 Betula T. Inst. 588, t. 360.—L. Gen. n. 1070.—J. Gen. 409.—Gjektn. Fruct. ii. S4, t. 90, fig. 2.—Lamk. Diet. i. 462; Suppl. i. 686; III. t. 760.—TuKP. Diet. Sc. Nat. Atl. t. , Sevis. Betulac. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 182; Suit, d, Buffon, xi. 145.—NtES, Gen. faso. 4, t. 18.—^Endl. Gen. n. 1840 ; Suppl. iv. p. ii. 19.—Payek, Bull. Sac. Bot. de Fr. v. 151; Fam. Kat. 161.—Kegel, Monogr. Betul. 9 ; DC. Frodr. xvi. sect. ii. 161.—H. Bn. Becherchcs Oiganogdniquea mr les Amentaeees (Compt. Rend. Assoc. Frmi<j. (1875), 756,, 12\ Adans. xii. !)• = L. Mantiss. 124.—Reg. Frodr. 173. ' The pollen is flat, ellipsoid, somewhat tri- angular, with three small pores and
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