. Transactions. type is made entirely of manganese steel. Itsbody consists of but two castings, the front and back halves, which givemaximum stiffness and rigidity. This design permits the constructionof a large dipper with only a few rivets. The bail brackets are set at anangle conforming to the line of pull on the bail. They are butted againstshoulders or offsets which are formed integrally with the sides of the frontcastings and are riveted to the front half of the dipper, the joints betweenthe front and back halves being placed at the rear of the brackets, thus 446 MANGANESE-STEEL CASTINGS
. Transactions. type is made entirely of manganese steel. Itsbody consists of but two castings, the front and back halves, which givemaximum stiffness and rigidity. This design permits the constructionof a large dipper with only a few rivets. The bail brackets are set at anangle conforming to the line of pull on the bail. They are butted againstshoulders or offsets which are formed integrally with the sides of the frontcastings and are riveted to the front half of the dipper, the joints betweenthe front and back halves being placed at the rear of the brackets, thus 446 MANGANESE-STEEL CASTINGS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY throwing all the digging strains on the front casting, and relieving therivets at the joints from shearing stresses. The teeth, which are easilyrenewable, are of cast manganese steel. Dippers of the Missabe type of 10-cu. yd. capacity, which are beHevedto be the largest manganese-steel dippers ever made, were used on dredgesworking in the Culebra Cut, Panama Canal. The weight of the empty. Fig. 7.—Five Cubic Yard Missabe Type Manganese-Steel Dipper withVanderhoef Front. dipper is 37,600 lb. and its overall dimensions are 9 by 9 by 103^ lips are 334 in. thick and the fronts are the same thickness underneaththe teeth. Between the teeth the fronts are 1}^ in. thick, the thicknessat the bottom band being 334 in- The backs are 134 in- thick, exceptat the bottom where the thickness is increased to 33^ in. Another improved dipper front is known as the Vanderhoef, inwhich the front and the dipper-tooth bases are cast integrally. Therenewable points are substantially designed and are of the reversible WALTER S. MCKEE 447 type. Among the advantages of this design may be mentioned theehmination of rivets, correct digging angle, increased room inside thedipper, due to the position of the base portions, great strength coupledwith rigidity of the entire front, and economy in repairs and 7 shows in detail a Missabe type manganese-steel dipper of
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectmineralindustries
