Diseases of children for nurses . Fig. 53.—Hydrocephalus (side view) (Kerr). Cerebral paralysis may occur after birth, in which casethe same symptoms are found. Erbs paralysis is a form of birth paralysis not due to ahemorrhage of the brain. It affects the upper portion ofthe arm, and is due to an injury around the shoulder-jointduring birth. NERVOUS DISEASES 197 Apoplexy is the term applied to a hemorrhage in the brain. Thrombosis of the sinuses of the dura occurs at times,most frequently after an operation upon the mastoid cells. Abscess and tumors are rare in childhood. Theycause pressure s
Diseases of children for nurses . Fig. 53.—Hydrocephalus (side view) (Kerr). Cerebral paralysis may occur after birth, in which casethe same symptoms are found. Erbs paralysis is a form of birth paralysis not due to ahemorrhage of the brain. It affects the upper portion ofthe arm, and is due to an injury around the shoulder-jointduring birth. NERVOUS DISEASES 197 Apoplexy is the term applied to a hemorrhage in the brain. Thrombosis of the sinuses of the dura occurs at times,most frequently after an operation upon the mastoid cells. Abscess and tumors are rare in childhood. Theycause pressure symptoms. The most common tumors aretubercular in Fig. 54.—Sporadic cretin: before treatment. (From Osier, Sporadic Cretinism in America). Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is excessivefluid in the ventricles or in the arachnoid cavities. Itgives to the head a peculiar shape. It is large and round,the sutures and fontanels are enlarged, the convolutionsof the brain are flattened, and usually there is imbecility. Cretinism is a congenital affection characterized by alack of physical development due to an abnormal conditionof the thyroid gland. The symptoms are myxedema(a waxy condition of the subcutaneous tissues), an ab-normally large tongue, and idiocy or imbecility. 198 DISEASES OF CHILDREN FOR NURSES The administration of thyroid gland extract to thesecases causes a remarkable improvement. Deaf-mutism is due to congenital or early loss ofhearing. As the child has never heard spoken words heis unable to imitate the proper sounds. Aphasia is a failure of word memory, an inability toutter words, to comprehend them, or to
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