Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . ladonna root is sometimes admixed with pokeroot, this admixture is readily detected by the presence of raphidesof calcium oxalate (Fig. 85) and the markings of the tracheae (). Scopola rhizome is also sometimes added or entirely sub-stituted for belladonna root. For its determination, see Scopola,p. 592. Allied Plants.—Mandragora or European mandrake is the rootof Atropa Mandragora. The drug occurs in
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . ladonna root is sometimes admixed with pokeroot, this admixture is readily detected by the presence of raphidesof calcium oxalate (Fig. 85) and the markings of the tracheae (). Scopola rhizome is also sometimes added or entirely sub-stituted for belladonna root. For its determination, see Scopola,p. 592. Allied Plants.—Mandragora or European mandrake is the rootof Atropa Mandragora. The drug occurs in fusiform, somewhatbifurcated pieces and contains two mydriatic alkaloids: mandra-gorine (isomeric with atropine) and an alkaloid resembling hyos-cyamine. Around this drug cluster many curious traditions. Itwas regarded with great veneration by the ancients, who recognizedits narcotic properties. 592 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY Literature.—Kraemer, Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1908, p. 459. Scopola.—Belladonna Scopolia.—The dried rhizome of Sco-polia carniolica (Fam. Solanaceae), a perennial herb growing in theregion of the eastern Alps, Carpathian Mountains and neighboring. Fig. 252.—Scopolia carniolica: A, leaf. B, a fruit showing long stalk andslightly lobed calyx. C, portion of calyx showing broadly acute , E, transverse sections of leaf showing upper epidermis (e), palisadecells (p), loose parenchyma (m), collenchyma (c), lower epidermis (Z), fibro-vascular bundle with a single trachea (u), stoma (s). F, epidermal cells oflower surface showing foldings due to irregularity of the outer walls. G,epidermal cells and stoma from lower surface. H, glandular hairs (whichare only occasionally present). /, fragment of leaf showing spiral tracheae(/) cells containing sphenoidal microcrystals of calcium oxalate (c). K,isolated crystals of calcium oxalate, which sometimes occur in aggregatesfrom to mm. in diameter. L, fragment of stem showing tracheaewith r
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