A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . ans (who called himself Philip Egalite), and St. Just (once amarquis), were supported by the clubs and the city council,and by the savage populace of the sections, — the sans guillotine — a machine for beheading, which Guillotin, aphysician, did not invent, but recommended for use — was theinstrument on which the fanatical revolutionists placed most oftheir reliance for the extirpation of aristocracy. The energy 472 EXECUTION OF THE KING of the Jacobins, aided by the general dread of a restorationof the royalis
A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . ans (who called himself Philip Egalite), and St. Just (once amarquis), were supported by the clubs and the city council,and by the savage populace of the sections, — the sans guillotine — a machine for beheading, which Guillotin, aphysician, did not invent, but recommended for use — was theinstrument on which the fanatical revolutionists placed most oftheir reliance for the extirpation of aristocracy. The energy 472 EXECUTION OF THE KING of the Jacobins, aided by the general dread of a restorationof the royalists to power, and by the fury of the Paris populace,proved too strong for the more moderate ]3arty to King, designated as Louis Capet, was arraigned before theAssembly, tried, and condemned to death. There were sevenhundred and twenty-one votes: his death was decreed by amajority of one (Jan. 15, 1793). Through all the terriblescenes of the trial, the parting with his wife and children, andthe execution (Jan. 21), Louis manifested a serene Cathedral of JNotke Dame CHAPTER LXIX POLITICS IN ENGLAND ; THE JACOBIN REVOLUTION; REIGNOF TERROR IN ERANCE (JAN. 21, 1793-JULY 27, 1794) The First Coalition. — The execution of the King was thesignal for the union of the European powers against intention of the revolutionary party to propagate theirsystem in other countries afforded one excuse for this inter-ference. The Convention (Nov. 19, 1792) had offered theirassistance to peoples wishing to throw off the existing govern-ments. The main ground and cement of the coalition was thedread which the governments felt of revolutionary movementsamong their own subjects, from their sympathy with the newinstitutions in France. Politics in England. — The Revolution of 1688 had givenpower to a group of Whig families. To shake off this con-trol was a constant aim of George III. In 1783 William Pitt,the younger, was made prime minister when he was onlytwent
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