. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. 168 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE There are two annual maxima in the feeding of the haddock (Fig. 68): the larger one in spring at the expense of caplin, which approach the coast for spawning, and its ova (index of repletion 256), and the autumn one, at the expense of benthos (the repletion index in the open sea is 180). In the intervals between the two maxima the repletion index of the stomach decreases to 40 to 45. The 'infauna-bottom feeders' are the best food for haddock; 'epifauna- sesto
. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. 168 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE There are two annual maxima in the feeding of the haddock (Fig. 68): the larger one in spring at the expense of caplin, which approach the coast for spawning, and its ova (index of repletion 256), and the autumn one, at the expense of benthos (the repletion index in the open sea is 180). In the intervals between the two maxima the repletion index of the stomach decreases to 40 to 45. The 'infauna-bottom feeders' are the best food for haddock; 'epifauna- seston feeding' (Zatzepin's terms) biocoenoses are of secondary importance in the haddock's nutrition (Fig. 69).. Fig. 68. Annual course of feeding of haddock in the Barents Sea (Zatzepin, 1939). 1 Mean repletion index in coastal area of Murman Peninsula. 2 Same for open Sea. Nutrition of other benthophages. As regards the other benthos feeders the diet of the long rough dab (Hippoglossoides platessoides) (V. Brotzkaya and I. Komarova), the only flat-fish species, was examined most thoroughly. It is a typical inhabitant of the lower Arctic sub-region, widely distributed in enorm- ous numbers throughout the Sea. Hippoglossoides platessoides feeds mostly on ophiura (Ophiura sarsi, O. robusta, Ophiocten sericeum, Ophiopholis aculeata) and the mollusc Pecten groenlandicus. Fifty-three per cent of the contents of the stomach of the dab consists of benthos (except crustaceans). Fish is also very important in its diet (35-4 per cent); Triglops pingeli, cod, haddock, Boreogadus saida, caplin and herring are most commonly found in its sto- mach. Pelagic forms (7-5 per cent) Panda/us borealis and bottom crustaceans (4 per cent) are of secondary importance in the diet of the dab. Benthos is markedly preponderant in the diet of a young dab (under 25 cm), while with the adult one fish and benthos are in the food in almost equal parts. The dab's food may change considerably in different areas, th
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