. Canadian forest industries 1903. Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries. Steam Skidding and Loading. applicable where clearing with artificial planting is practiced, or where the strip system is used, which consists in clearing strips and securing the reproduction by seeds from the neighboring old timber which is left standing. When the forester shall be a fully recognized and estab- lished institution in Canada we may expect that he will develop these methods of exploit- ation to suit the additional requirements of silviculture. In mechan
. Canadian forest industries 1903. Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries. Steam Skidding and Loading. applicable where clearing with artificial planting is practiced, or where the strip system is used, which consists in clearing strips and securing the reproduction by seeds from the neighboring old timber which is left standing. When the forester shall be a fully recognized and estab- lished institution in Canada we may expect that he will develop these methods of exploit- ation to suit the additional requirements of silviculture. In mechanical engineering, also, there is still a wide field unoccupied, the development of which would aid the business of the forester. We are still relying on brute force for felling trees, sawing them into logs and cutting and splitting cordwood. Attempts to apply steam or electric power in tree felling have so far failed to bring out any practical method. There are now on trial cordwood cutting machines, but they are so far only applicable for very special conditions which can be rarely met. In entirely different direction is engineering skill demanded, and a special line of forest engi- neering has developed in connection with the recla- mation and reforestation of sand dunes and denuded mountain sides. This has been especially developed by the French foresters, the French government having spent many million dollars in covering the lands and sand dunes of Gascony, and in safe- guarding Southern moun- tain ranges against torren- tial action induced by de- forestation. This . forest engineering is now prac- ticed in all countries where forestry is developed and the necessity for this work has been recognized. The fixation of sand dunes has also been begun in the United States by the Harbor Com- missioners of Massachusetts at Cape Cod and elsewhere. It is a simple operation, which consists in first quieting the sand by mechan- ical means, fences and brush, or turf cover, and by cutt
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