. Electric railway journal . Chicago Special Work—Fig. 10—Showing Condition of Built-up Chicago Rail Crossing, Installed November, 1911; Traffic, 309 Wheels Per Hour 976 ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL [Vol. XLIII, No. Chicago Special Work—Fig. 11—Showing Chipping and Cupping in Manganese Crossing in Same Location as Fig. 10, Installed June, 1910; Traffic. 326 Wheels Per Hour trie welder. With manganese alloy in steel the usualtempering process has to be reversed, that is to say,gradual cooling makes a casting hard and brittle. Con-sequently as the piece comes from the mold it is hardand brittle
. Electric railway journal . Chicago Special Work—Fig. 10—Showing Condition of Built-up Chicago Rail Crossing, Installed November, 1911; Traffic, 309 Wheels Per Hour 976 ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL [Vol. XLIII, No. Chicago Special Work—Fig. 11—Showing Chipping and Cupping in Manganese Crossing in Same Location as Fig. 10, Installed June, 1910; Traffic. 326 Wheels Per Hour trie welder. With manganese alloy in steel the usualtempering process has to be reversed, that is to say,gradual cooling makes a casting hard and brittle. Con-sequently as the piece comes from the mold it is hardand brittle and the heating or annealing process is fol-lowed by quenching which brings about the desiredtoughness. During the process of welding new metalonto broken points in manganese steel special work,a portion of the old manganese casting becomesheated to a welding temperature. This results ina hardening of a portion of the old casting, which in many cases becomes quite brittle, and new breaks 15 is an example of a weld failure in the originalcasting. Undoubtedly the reason for the success ofwelds of this kind in those cases where it has provedsuccessful is that the portion of the old casting heated
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