. Electric railway journal . re-versals of stress. Tests on the Holding Power ofRailroad Spikes THAT there is room for much more extended studyof the holding power of railroad spikes is indicatedin the recent laboratory tests conducted by the civilengineering testing laboratories of Columbia Universityas reported upon in its Bulletin No. 1 recently point is made in the report that the method oftest used in the past appears to give erroneous resultswhen checked with the more modern and accuratemethod used for these tests. Incidentally, some testswere made to cover resistance of th
. Electric railway journal . re-versals of stress. Tests on the Holding Power ofRailroad Spikes THAT there is room for much more extended studyof the holding power of railroad spikes is indicatedin the recent laboratory tests conducted by the civilengineering testing laboratories of Columbia Universityas reported upon in its Bulletin No. 1 recently point is made in the report that the method oftest used in the past appears to give erroneous resultswhen checked with the more modern and accuratemethod used for these tests. Incidentally, some testswere made to cover resistance of the spikes to pullafter redriving, which are perhaps as important asoriginal pull tests because the former give data bear-ing upon actual track conditions where spikes pulled inservice are redriven. Three types of spikes are compared: A standard cutspike, a standard screw spike and a new design calledthe Sessler grip spike which is a quite radical departurefrom existing standards. All these are shown in theaccompanying h-i-l THREE TYPES OF SPIKE TESTED IN COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY LABORATORIES The conclusions reached as the result of the tests sofar made are as follows: 1. The tests outlined herein, although of limited extent,show conclusively that the rail fastenings tested act aselastic structures within certain limits depending upon thecharacter of the wood and type of spike. 2. In the softer woods the elastic limit of the fasteningis reached at very small withdrawals ranging from in. In an oak tie these limits are higher. 3. Within the elastic range of the fastening the resist-ance developed by the fastening is directly proportional tothe amount of withdrawal. 4. Small permanent withdrawals or sets have been re-corded within the elastic range of the rail fastening butthese are no greater than would be reasonably expected ina material such as wood. 5. A rail fastening to approach permanency must at notime be stressed beyond its elastic holding power, makingdue
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