. Useful birds and their protection. Containing brief descriptions of the more common and useful species of Massachusetts, with accounts of their food habits, and a chapter on the means of attracting and protecting birds . Fig. 39. —Tlie yellow bear i-atei-i)illar. This andthe woolly l)ear are destructive hairy species, suchas are eaten by Thrushes, Robins, and Bluebirds. BIIWS, CATERPILLARS, AND PLANT LICE. 121. Pig. 40. —Caterpillar of the white-marked tussockmotli, a destructive shade-tree pest, eaten by many birds. country from injury by these insects is largely due to thegood work of nati


. Useful birds and their protection. Containing brief descriptions of the more common and useful species of Massachusetts, with accounts of their food habits, and a chapter on the means of attracting and protecting birds . Fig. 39. —Tlie yellow bear i-atei-i)illar. This andthe woolly l)ear are destructive hairy species, suchas are eaten by Thrushes, Robins, and Bluebirds. BIIWS, CATERPILLARS, AND PLANT LICE. 121. Pig. 40. —Caterpillar of the white-marked tussockmotli, a destructive shade-tree pest, eaten by many birds. country from injury by these insects is largely due to thegood work of native birds, while the greater destructivenessof this insect in our cities is no doubt in consequence of thescarcity of such birds there. Regarding the immunity of brightly colored caterpillarsfrom destruction l)y birds, my evidence is mainly of a nega-tive character, andtherefore of littlevalue. I have neverknown birds to eatcertain of the mosteaudily colored cater-pillars, while othersare commonly eatenby them. It wouldseem that such larvaeas are made conspicuous by their coloring must have somemeans of protection against their enemies. In some instancesthese bright colors may serve to warn birds that the creaturedisjdaying them is distasteful or unfit for food. Usually,hoAvever, such caterpillars are not numerous, and must, there-fore, be preyed upon by natural enemies. In that most admirable local econ


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