. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . en squeeze rollers. Retting with Hot Water and Steam. This is the quickest ofall retting processes. The flax is first exposed in strong ironcylinders to the action of water at 150° C, under pressure, for 30to 40 minutes, and then to the action of high pressure steam at thesame temperature for 30 minutes. Under these conditions theresinous material of the flax becomes soluble and is removed dur-ing a subs
. Cyclopedia of textile work : a general reference library on cotton, woollen and worsted yarn manufacture, weaving, designing, chemistry and dyeing, finishing, knitting, and allied subjects . en squeeze rollers. Retting with Hot Water and Steam. This is the quickest ofall retting processes. The flax is first exposed in strong ironcylinders to the action of water at 150° C, under pressure, for 30to 40 minutes, and then to the action of high pressure steam at thesame temperature for 30 minutes. Under these conditions theresinous material of the flax becomes soluble and is removed dur-ing a subsequent washing. Tlie whole process takes but a frac-tion of a day. Retting with 3Iineral Acids. Under this head might be in-cluded a number of methods by which small quantities of differentacids, such as sulphuric and hydrochloric, are added to the rettingbath. The addition of acid not only lessens the time as comparedwith the natural fermentation method, but prevents the disagree-able smell. 37. Breaking. After retting, the flax is subjected to severalmechanical operations, the object of which is to remove the woodyportions of the stem as completely as possible. The first of these 26. PRESSURE-HYDRO-EXTRACTOR FOR EXTRACTINGWATER FROM CLOTH Rodney Hunt .Machine Co. TEXTILE CHEMISTRY AND DYELNG. 19 operations is known as breaking, and its object is to break up tbewoody 2)ortion of the stalks, so that it may be removed from thefibre. This was formerly done by hand with indented woodenmallets, but at present is generally accomplished by passing thestalks through a series of fluted rolls. 38. Scutching is the next operation, and consists in theremoval of the l)roken particles of wood either b}^ hand or machin-ery, thus leaving the lil)re in a more or less free condition. 39. Hackling or Heckling. The last of the series of mechan-ical operations is known as hackling or heckling. It has for itsobject the separation of the fibres into an individual state and hi}-ing them parallel to
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