Logging; the principles and general methods of operation in the United States . 00 feet of may be controlled in the stream by an end-wheel tug boatattached to the stern of the raft. A strong double winch isplaced on the bow of the boat and from this lines run to eachforward corner of the raft. By hauling in on one line andslacking on the other one, the raft may be turned in any direc-tion desired. Two tugs often are employed, one at the stern FLOATING AND RAFTING 387 and one at the forward part of the raft, in which case thecontrol of direction is secured by the forward boat. Cypre
Logging; the principles and general methods of operation in the United States . 00 feet of may be controlled in the stream by an end-wheel tug boatattached to the stern of the raft. A strong double winch isplaced on the bow of the boat and from this lines run to eachforward corner of the raft. By hauling in on one line andslacking on the other one, the raft may be turned in any direc-tion desired. Two tugs often are employed, one at the stern FLOATING AND RAFTING 387 and one at the forward part of the raft, in which case thecontrol of direction is secured by the forward boat. Cypress Rafts. — Cypress logs, which are skidded with pull-boats, are rafted down the canals and bayous. A commonform of raft consists of cigar-shaped sections from 150 to 200feet long, each containing from twenty to thirty logs which arefloated loose within the boom sticks. Sinkers are placed be-tween floating logs and fastened to them by poles and chaindogs. Old skidding cable is often used to bind the boom stickstogether. A 2-inch hole is bored in the log, and the end of the. Fig. 121. — A Cypress Raft in a Louisiana Bayou. Tlic floating vegetation on theextreme right is the water hyacinth. cable inserted and made fast by a wooden plug driven in be-hind it. The sections are fastened together by rope, and madeinto a long raft which is towed to the mill by small tugs. Navi-gation is seriously hampered and sometimes absolutely stoppedby the congestion of the watercourses by the water hyacinthand sometimes mills are forced to shut down on account of thelack of logs, due to the closing of the waterways by this Bundles. — In the Coastal Plain region logs are sometimesmade into bundles each containing two cars of logs (20 to 30logs) which are bound together firmly with chains. The maxi-mum tow for the larger tugs used on this work is from thirty to 388 LOGGING forty bundles. From 30 to 40 per cent of the timber cannotbe floated and the object of this method of transport
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