. Lichens. Lichens. LICHENS AS FOOD 401 The true reindeer moss is abundant in northern countries, more especially in forest regions' and in valleys between the tundra hills which are more or less sheltered from the high winds; it is independent of the substratum and flourishes equally on barren sand and on wet turf; but grows especially well on soil devastated by fire. For long periods it may be covered with snow without injury and the reindeer are accustomed to dig down with horns and hoofs in order to reach their favourite food. Though always considered as peculiarly "reindeer" mos
. Lichens. Lichens. LICHENS AS FOOD 401 The true reindeer moss is abundant in northern countries, more especially in forest regions' and in valleys between the tundra hills which are more or less sheltered from the high winds; it is independent of the substratum and flourishes equally on barren sand and on wet turf; but grows especially well on soil devastated by fire. For long periods it may be covered with snow without injury and the reindeer are accustomed to dig down with horns and hoofs in order to reach their favourite food. Though always considered as peculiarly "reindeer" moss, deer, roebuck and other wild jpimals. such as Lemmjig_rats^, feed oji_it largely during the winter. In some northern districts it is collected and stored as fodder for domestic cattle ; hot water. Fig. 128. Celraria islandica Ach. (S. H., Photo.). is poured over it and it is then mixed with straw and sprinkled with a little salt. -Johnson^ has reported that the richness of the milk yielded by the small cows of Northern Scandinavia is attributed by some to their feeding in great measure on the "reindeer ; When Cladonia rangiferina is scarce, a few other lichens* are made use oi, Alectoria Jubata, a brownish-black filamentous tree-lichen being one of the most frequent substitutes. Stereocaulon paschale, which grows in large dense tufts on the ground in mountainous regions, is also eaten by reindeer and other animals; and Iceland moss, Cetraria islandica, is stored up in large quantities by the Icelanders and used as fodder. Willemet"^ reports it as good for horses, oxen, cows and pigs. 1 Kihlman 1890. ^ Linnaeus 1762. 'Johnson 1861. ^ Lindsay 1856. * Willemet 1787. S. L. 26. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Smith, Annie Lorrain. Cambridge, At the University Press
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