. The 20th century toolsmith and steel worker; a complete, practical, and scientific book, written by a thorough expert mechanic and steelworker, especially in the interests of blacksmiths, toolsmiths, toolmakers, and all mechanics connected directly on indirectly with the use, repair, and manufacture of steel into tools . steel, the size ofsteel used according to the width of scraper required,although for an ordinary scraper % octagon will make one, forge the steel perfectly flat % thick andabout 3 inches in length and 1 inch wide. The end ofthe tool is left perfectly square, the scrapi
. The 20th century toolsmith and steel worker; a complete, practical, and scientific book, written by a thorough expert mechanic and steelworker, especially in the interests of blacksmiths, toolsmiths, toolmakers, and all mechanics connected directly on indirectly with the use, repair, and manufacture of steel into tools . steel, the size ofsteel used according to the width of scraper required,although for an ordinary scraper % octagon will make one, forge the steel perfectly flat % thick andabout 3 inches in length and 1 inch wide. The end ofthe tool is left perfectly square, the scraping or cut-ting edges being the corners, which are ground verysharp. TOOLgMiTS AND SfEELWOilKEIl 177 To harden, heat to about 1 inch back from the scrap-ing edges, then quench in the hardening bath and cooloff the whole tool entirely. Draw no temper as the toolis required to be very hard; it will give excellent resultsif properly forged, hammered and hardened. ^ Fig. 107. Showing scraper for boiler plate, cast iron, etc. Hardening Jaw of Pipe Vise. To harden a jaw of a pipe vise, heat all the teeth to avery even cherry red or just enough to harden, thenquench the whole tool edgewise from a vertical positionin the hardening bath and cool off entirely. Polish oneside bright and draw the temper to a dark blue by plac-. Fig. 108. Jaw for pipe vise. ing the jaw on a heated iron plate which should be alittle wider than the jaw, in order that the jaw may betempered evenly. These instructions will apply to alltools for holding pipes, clamps for holding bolts andall similar tools. 178 THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Hardening and Tempering Blacksmiths Bolt Clippers. A good set of bolt clippers is a tool prized very muchby the general blacksmith, and yet very few black-smiths are capable of repairing them properly whenthey get out of order, the greatest trouble lying in thehardening and tempering. After the clippers are dressed and the cutting edgesmade to fit properly and closely together, heat th
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