. The elements of physiological physics: an outline of the elementary facts, principles, and methods of physics; and their applications in physiology. Biophysics. 236 PHYSIOLOGICAL PHYSICS. [Chap. xxi. method of studying and registering movements of the heart under varying conditions. The frog-heart apparatus of Ludwig and pupils affords a most valuable and interesting means of studying the heart, a means not very widely known in this country. The apparatus is shown in Fig. 114. It consists of two tubes (1 and 2) similar to the burettes used for quantitative chemical analysis, and marked off i
. The elements of physiological physics: an outline of the elementary facts, principles, and methods of physics; and their applications in physiology. Biophysics. 236 PHYSIOLOGICAL PHYSICS. [Chap. xxi. method of studying and registering movements of the heart under varying conditions. The frog-heart apparatus of Ludwig and pupils affords a most valuable and interesting means of studying the heart, a means not very widely known in this country. The apparatus is shown in Fig. 114. It consists of two tubes (1 and 2) similar to the burettes used for quantitative chemical analysis, and marked off into tenths of a cubic centimetre. They communicate with one outlet, guarded by a two- way stop-cock. The tubes are supported on a stand, and in the same frame is held a small mercury manometer m, one limb of which is turned and pro- longed downwards, so that it opens at the same level as the burette outlet. A branch of the same limb is also prolonged upwards and backwards and is guarded with a stop-cock. The limb m contains a fine stem of glass floating in the mercury by a bulbous extremity, the projecting end being bent at right angles and terminating in a point s for writing on a blackened revolving cylinder. For fixing the frog heart to the apparatus, the Kronecker heart canule, shown in the upper part of the figure, is used. It is divided into two compartments, one communicating with the branch A, and the other with the branch B. To each of the branches is attached a short piece of caoutchouc tubing. A frog having been pithed and its spinal cord destroyed, the thorax is opened and the heart exposed. The pericardium is opened in front, the heart turned over, and a very fine vessel passing from the pericardium to the back of the heart ligatured. The sinus venosus is now opened by. Fig. 114.—Frog-heart Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these ill
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