. The voyages of the Norsemen to America. called longship, built prin-cipally for war purposes. Such ships were relatively longand narrow and were designed for high speed, with oarsas their principal means of propulsion. Their freeboardwas generally small; they were not ocean-going craft, butwere frequently used for crossing the Baltic and the NorthSea. The biggest longship ever built in Norway up to , the Long Serpent {Ormrinn langi)^ was 160 feetlong overall, and is said to have had thirty-four pairs of to Heimskringla^ the bulwarks of the Long Ser-pent were as high as
. The voyages of the Norsemen to America. called longship, built prin-cipally for war purposes. Such ships were relatively longand narrow and were designed for high speed, with oarsas their principal means of propulsion. Their freeboardwas generally small; they were not ocean-going craft, butwere frequently used for crossing the Baltic and the NorthSea. The biggest longship ever built in Norway up to , the Long Serpent {Ormrinn langi)^ was 160 feetlong overall, and is said to have had thirty-four pairs of to Heimskringla^ the bulwarks of the Long Ser-pent were as high as in a ship built for sailing on the ocean,showing that ordinarily longships had less freeboard thanseagoing ships. The so-called knorrs were relatively shorter and ofhigher freeboard than warships; they could stand betterthan longships the strains to which they were exposed whenworking in a seaway, and were on the whole more sea-worthy and more strongly constructed. They dependedchi( fly on sail power, and would, therefore, often have to. The Gokstad Ship Photograph hy 0. Veering THE NORSEMEN TO AMERICA 57 wait for a favorable wind. They had, however, some oarsas auxiliary power, rigged forward and aft of the cargo,which occupied the central portion of the ship. Trading-ships had generally only a partial deck or floor-ing forward and aft, and sometimes a narrow passage alongthe sides, connecting the decks at the ends. The remainderof the hold was open, and here the cargo was stowed, oftenpiled high above the gunwale. A ceiling was fitted on theframes in order to prevent the cargo from resting directly onthe outer planks, and for keeping it clear of the bilge heavy load could safely be placed directly on the bottomplanks, since their connection to the frames, if of the samecharacter as in the Gokstad ship, was too weak for thispurpose. On the other hand, as long as there was no directload on the planks from the inside, there could be no greatstress on the ties connectin
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