. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture -- United States. BULLETIN No. 647 Contribution Trom the Bureau of Entomolosjr L. O. HOWARD, Chief. Washington, D. C, May 3, 1918 THE ARGENTINE ANT' IN RELATION TO CITRUS GROVES. By J, R. HoBTON, Scientific Assistant, Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Insect Investigations.' CONTENTS. Introduction 1 General belief as to damage to orange 2 General account of orange culture in Louisiana 4 Distribution of the ant in the orange groves of the United States 7 Feeding habits of the ant 8 Relations with insects injurious
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture -- United States. BULLETIN No. 647 Contribution Trom the Bureau of Entomolosjr L. O. HOWARD, Chief. Washington, D. C, May 3, 1918 THE ARGENTINE ANT' IN RELATION TO CITRUS GROVES. By J, R. HoBTON, Scientific Assistant, Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Insect Investigations.' CONTENTS. Introduction 1 General belief as to damage to orange 2 General account of orange culture in Louisiana 4 Distribution of the ant in the orange groves of the United States 7 Feeding habits of the ant 8 Relations with insects injurious to citrus trees 15 Relations with insect enemies of scales and aphids 48 Nests and protective structures of the Argen- tine ant 52 Cultural conditions in ant-invaded vs. ant- frec orange groves in Louisiana 56 Demonstration in improvement of ant- invaded groves in Louisiana 57 Experiments in controlling the Argentine ant 60 Summary and conclusions 71 INTRODUCTION. The Argentine ant {Iridomyrviex humilis Mayr) is a native of tropical America, occurring in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uru- guay. It was first introduced into the United States at New Orleans about 30 years ago and was fairly numerous in parts of that city as early as 1891.^ A few years later it had become established thor- oughly in and around New Orleans and was causing great annoyance as a household, garden, and field pest. Early it was carried to Cali- fornia, where it has become established widely. It is especially numerous in parts of Uhe citrus districts of Los Angeles and River- side Counties and in the city of Los Angeles and occurs as far north as San Francisco and as far south as San Diego. 1 For a discussion of other phases of the Argentine ant problem see Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 377, by E. R. Barber, entitled " The Argentine Ant: Distribution and Control in the United ;' 2 Transferred to Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations, Oct. 1, 1917. * Foster, Ed. The introductio
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