Precious gemstones of ruby (red), sapphire (blue) & emerald (green). Gemstones are solid crystalline substances (minerals), formed by natural processe

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Precious gemstones of ruby (red), sapphire (blue) & emerald (green). Gemstones are solid crystalline substances (minerals), formed by natural processes, which are prized by collectors and used in jewellery. Cut and polished stones utilize the refraction of light to enhance their appearance. Ruby is a red variety of corundum (aluminium oxide) & sapphire is a non-red variety. Emerald is a variety of beryl (beryllium aluminium silicate).

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