. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. IMAGING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL. 8ms 8 ms Figure 3. (A) Outline of the 464-element photodiode array superimposed over the fluorescent image of a pyramidal neuron. (B) Single-trial recording of action-potential-related optical signals. Each trace represents the output of one diode. Traces are arranged according to the disposition of the detectors in the array. Each trace represents 44 ms of recording. Each diode received light from a 14 X 14 area in the object plane. Spikes were evoked by a somatic current pulse. (C) Compari
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. IMAGING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL. 8ms 8 ms Figure 3. (A) Outline of the 464-element photodiode array superimposed over the fluorescent image of a pyramidal neuron. (B) Single-trial recording of action-potential-related optical signals. Each trace represents the output of one diode. Traces are arranged according to the disposition of the detectors in the array. Each trace represents 44 ms of recording. Each diode received light from a 14 X 14 area in the object plane. Spikes were evoked by a somatic current pulse. (C) Comparison of electrical and optical recordings. Upper panel: spatial average of optical signals from eight individual diodes from the somatic region (dotted line) are superimposed on the electrical recording from the soma (solid line). Lower panel: same electrical signal compared with a single-trial optical recording. (D) Action potentials from individual detectors at different locations along the basal, oblique, and apical dendrites. Traces from different locations are scaled to the same height. The increasing delay between the signal from the somatic region and most proximal dendritic segments reflects (he propagation velocity ( m/s). At a distance of 230 jiun from the soma, the half-width increased from to ms for the first spike and from to ms for the second spike in the burst. (Modified from Antic, Major, and Zecevic, 1999.) microelectrodes are limited in that they can observe single- cell activity in only as many cells as one can simultaneously place electrodes (typically four or fewer neurons). Informa- tion about the activity of many cells is essential for under- standing the roles of the individual neurons in generating behavior and for understanding how nervous systems are organized. In the first attempt to use voltage-sensitive dyes in gan- glia (Salzberg et ai. 1973), we were fortunate to be able to monitor activity in a single neuron because the photod
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