. A short history of England and the British Empire. measures. Castlereaghs rival wasGeorge Canning, whoheaded the moderate wingof the Tory party. AfterCastlereaghs death in 1822, Canning sue- _ ° . Canning,ceeded him in the foreign office. Fromthat moment the period ofreform may be said to date;for Canning was pledged toat least one reform, theremoval of Catholic disa-bilities. He accomplishednothing, however, except tokeep the agitation Catholic Matters came to a climax in1828, when the Duke of Wellington was prime minister. Earlyin that year the Test and Corporatio
. A short history of England and the British Empire. measures. Castlereaghs rival wasGeorge Canning, whoheaded the moderate wingof the Tory party. AfterCastlereaghs death in 1822, Canning sue- _ ° . Canning,ceeded him in the foreign office. Fromthat moment the period ofreform may be said to date;for Canning was pledged toat least one reform, theremoval of Catholic disa-bilities. He accomplishednothing, however, except tokeep the agitation Catholic Matters came to a climax in1828, when the Duke of Wellington was prime minister. Earlyin that year the Test and Corporation Acts 2 were Repeai 0f thefinally repealed and all citizens were made eligible Test and Cor-to office. But the declaration against transub- porstantiation was still in the oath administered to members ofparliament, so that no Catholic could take a seat in Danielthat body. Daniel OConnell, an Irish orator of fame and power, decided in spite of this fact to become a 1 Cheyney, Nos. 413-414; Gardiner, 895-898. 2 Review sees. 352, George CanningFrom an engraving, published 1816. 542 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL REFORMS candidate for a seat in the house of commons. At a special election in southwestern Ireland he defeated one of the chiefs of the Tory That a legally elected and fully qualified citizen should be denied his seat because he refused to violate his conscience by taking the prescribed oath, created much stir in the land. So determined were the Irish Catholics, thatWellington yieidson Wellington the Catholic feared that question. civil war would be the outcome. The gov-ernment agreed that the barshould be removed. A re-lief bill introduced by Rob-ert Peel became a law in1829. OConnell sought asecond election and was al-lowed to take his seat. 496. Parliamentary Re-form. The reform-ers next centered their attention upon parliamentary reform. A violent agitationarose which was doubtless given strength and momentum byThe July movements on the Con
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