. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. PRODUCTION OF MILK OF LOW BACTERIAL CONTENT. 25. Fig. 15.—Condition of the flank and udder of one of the cows during Experiment No. 7. During this ex- periment the aver- age count of the middle milk taken directly from the udder of two cows was 1,172 bacteria per cubic centimeter, which, subtracted from 2,667, the count of the entire milking which was milked into small- top pails, leaves 1,195, or the number of bacteria per cubic centimeter intro- duced into the small- top pari by external contamination. Similarly the
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. PRODUCTION OF MILK OF LOW BACTERIAL CONTENT. 25. Fig. 15.—Condition of the flank and udder of one of the cows during Experiment No. 7. During this ex- periment the aver- age count of the middle milk taken directly from the udder of two cows was 1,172 bacteria per cubic centimeter, which, subtracted from 2,667, the count of the entire milking which was milked into small- top pails, leaves 1,195, or the number of bacteria per cubic centimeter intro- duced into the small- top pari by external contamination. Similarly the aver- age udder count of middle milk of the two cows milked into open pails was 1,557, which, when subtracted from the average of the open pail, 4,947, gives a difference of 3,390 bacteria per cubic centimeter to represent the number introduced by external contamination. In this final experiment we again used a few simple factors, namely, sterilized utensils, clean cows with clean udders and teats, and the small-top pail. The figures confirm the previous results. CONTAMINATION OF MILK BY UNSTERILIZED UTENSILS. In this work the results have indicated that generally the greatest contamination of milk comes from the use of unsterilized utensils. Since that factor is so important in the production of low-count milk it deserves special consideration, and therefore additional data on the subject are presented. Table 9 shows the results of the bacterial examination of 60 sam- ples of milk from both sterilized and unsterilized small-top pails. Each number represents two samples taken at the same milking, when two cows were milked into a sterilized pail and two into an un- sterilized one. All the cows were cleaned and bedded, but the udders were not washed. The 60 samples from the sterilized pail showed an average bacterial count of 6,306, compared with 73,308 for the un- sterilized pail, a difference of 67,002, which represents the average number of bacteria per cubic centimeter intr
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