. Practical botany. Botany. THE BASIDIUM FUNGI (BASIDIOMYCETES) 249. Fig. 203. Gills of a toadstool On the faces of the gills the spores are formed. Seven and one-half times natural size. AfterBuller end of the stalk {stipe) (Fig. 20:^). As the pileus opens, it is joined to the:fetallv beneath by means of a layer of hyphae (the veiV). This in some species, in breaking away from the pileus, forms a ring or annidus about the stalk. The underside of the pileus is made up of plate-lilie growths (^gills'), which radiate from the point of attachment to the stalk. The flat surfaces of the adja- cent
. Practical botany. Botany. THE BASIDIUM FUNGI (BASIDIOMYCETES) 249. Fig. 203. Gills of a toadstool On the faces of the gills the spores are formed. Seven and one-half times natural size. AfterBuller end of the stalk {stipe) (Fig. 20:^). As the pileus opens, it is joined to the:fetallv beneath by means of a layer of hyphae (the veiV). This in some species, in breaking away from the pileus, forms a ring or annidus about the stalk. The underside of the pileus is made up of plate-lilie growths (^gills'), which radiate from the point of attachment to the stalk. The flat surfaces of the adja- cent plates face one another (Fig. 203). Some of the hyphae which compose the gills grow in such a way that their tips extend a little A^a}- from the surface of the gill. Upon this extended tip (ha- ddhiin') four (rarely two) branches are formed, and upon the tip of each branch a spore (hasidiospore) is formed (Fig. 204). "When the spores fall upon moist, warm, nutrient material, they produce a new mycelium. By cutting the pileus of a ripe toadstool from the stalk and placing it with the gills downward upon a piece of ordinary white or black paper, after a few hours there will be made a "spore print" composed of thousands of spores. 237. Toadstools and mushrooms: different forms and habits. The type form just described is representa- tive of the most common toadstools and musliropms. The commonest cultivated mushroom (Agaricus cam- pestris) has long been a well-known article of food. Some of the same type of toadstools form " fany rings" (Figs. 205 and 206), which ui constantly widening circles may appear m the same locality year after year. The phenomenon is doubtless due. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917; Caldwell, Otis William,
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