Musketry, (.303 and .22 cartridges) : elementary training, visual training, judging distance, fire discipline, range practices, field practices . collective fire rather than fromindividual fire, for aU the above reasons. In some degreethis important principle of the science of modem warfarecan be demonstrated by firing at service targets on fulldistance and also on miniature ranges [see p. 215, para, (ii),and p. 221, para, (iii)j. Section 12.—Dispersion of Individual andCollective Fire. 1. Shot Groups.—Owing to errors on the part of the firer,and also to imperfections in the rifle and ammuniti
Musketry, (.303 and .22 cartridges) : elementary training, visual training, judging distance, fire discipline, range practices, field practices . collective fire rather than fromindividual fire, for aU the above reasons. In some degreethis important principle of the science of modem warfarecan be demonstrated by firing at service targets on fulldistance and also on miniature ranges [see p. 215, para, (ii),and p. 221, para, (iii)j. Section 12.—Dispersion of Individual andCollective Fire. 1. Shot Groups.—Owing to errors on the part of the firer,and also to imperfections in the rifle and ammunition, itis found that a series of shots, even when fired by an indi-\idual under perfect conditions at a large, stationary, dis-tinct target at a kno\vn and close range, do not all strikethe point aimed at, but they form a group of shot-marksabout this point, the density of which varies mainly withthe skill of the firer. 2. Cone of Fiie (Fig. 6).—It is evident that the trajectoriesof these shots will not coincide, but will together form afigure termed the cone of fire. It is also clear that, 32 THEORY AND APPLICATION OF RIFLE FIRE [12. 12] INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE FIRING 33 when aim is well directed, the bullets of a cone of nreshould always strike an object so long as the shot groupformed by it is either smaller or of the same size as theobject aimed at. But when the shot group is spread overa larger surface than the size of the object, shots mustnecessarily miss the mark in proportion as the size of thegrouping exceeds that of the object aimed at. 3. Dispersion of Individual Fire.—It is clear, therefore,that the dispersion of indivddual fire explained in para, iwill of itself, apart from the various factors mentioned mSec. II, militate against the assurance of fire effect hjindividual fire at longer ranges, because the dispersion offire will become greater as the target decreases in. size,owing to distance, and the shot group wiU consequentlybe spread over a much large
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