. A regional geography of the world, with diagrams and entirely new maps . , atributary of the Amur, and the Liao, which flows tothe Gulf of Pechili. Manchuria is rich in minerals,especially in the eastern mountains, but little miningtakes place at present. In the south there is the Liaotung peninsula, whosesouthern extremity is now leased to Japan. The leasedland includes the important port of Port Arthur, aterminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway and animportant commercial and naval base. Two important Manchurian towns are jHukdcnand Harbin, Both are railway centres of considerableimportance (
. A regional geography of the world, with diagrams and entirely new maps . , atributary of the Amur, and the Liao, which flows tothe Gulf of Pechili. Manchuria is rich in minerals,especially in the eastern mountains, but little miningtakes place at present. In the south there is the Liaotung peninsula, whosesouthern extremity is now leased to Japan. The leasedland includes the important port of Port Arthur, aterminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway and animportant commercial and naval base. Two important Manchurian towns are jHukdcnand Harbin, Both are railway centres of considerableimportance (see Fig. j^). MONGOLIA. This enormous country is an arid plateau, in the heartof which is the desert of Gobi, or Shamo, as the Chinese 344 ASIA call it. The north and east, the highest parts of theplateau, are crossed by high-mountains. The marginallands are steppe lands whose rainfall is sufficient for therearing of cattle, horses, and camels, the latter being thechief beasts of burden. It was from the north Mongoliansteppes that Jenghiz Khan and his followers and suc-. FiG. 92.—The Chinese provinces of Sin-kiang and Tibet. cessors spread eastwards to China and westwards viathe Zungarian Gate, between the Tien Shan and theAltai Mountains, across Siberia and Russia even to theheart of Europe. Their conquests were in no smallmeasure helped by the hardy horses they possessed. The chief trade route of the country has alreadybeen referred to. From Peking it follows the Pei-hoto Kalgan, and from there it crosses the Gobi desert to OUTLYING PROVINCES OK CHINA 345 Urg(J, the most important town in Mon^^olia. LeavingUrga, the route proceeds northwards to the Siberiantowns of Kiakhta, on tlie frontier, and Irkutsk-Chinese emigrants have spread into Inner Mongolia,and even to the margins of the Gobi desert, where, bymeans of careful irrigation, they have made agriculturalpursuits possible. The natives of Mongolia are nomadicMongols and Kalmucks, who are little given to agri-culture, ev
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectgeography, bookyear19
