. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. io Principles OP TitE Growth of trees. Hence, strawberries and other fruits are more acid when hid- den by leaves or in cloudy weather; and apples on the thickly- shaded part of an unpruned tree are more sour and imperfect than where, by good pruning, the leaves v/hich feed them are fully exposed to the light, and receive a proper share of car- bon. The sap, thickened, reduced in bulk, and containing organ- ized matter, then descends the branches and
. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. io Principles OP TitE Growth of trees. Hence, strawberries and other fruits are more acid when hid- den by leaves or in cloudy weather; and apples on the thickly- shaded part of an unpruned tree are more sour and imperfect than where, by good pruning, the leaves v/hich feed them are fully exposed to the light, and receive a proper share of car- bon. The sap, thickened, reduced in bulk, and containing organ- ized matter, then descends the branches and trunk, forming a layer of fresh substance, between bark and wood, called the cambium—most of which constitutes a new layer of wood—a small part making a new layer of bark. The annual deposits of new wood form distinct concentric rings, by which the age of the tree may be counted when the trunk is cut through. That this is the mode by which wood in exogenous trees is de- posited, may be proved by an interesting experiment, per- formed by slitting the bark of a young tree, lifting it up care- fully, and then slipping in between wood and bark a sheet of tin-foil, and binding the bark on again. The bark will deposit layers of wood outside the tin-foil, and none in- side ; and after a lapse of years the concentric rings will be found to correspond exactly with the time since the operation was performed. The descent of the elaborated sap in the inner bark may be shown by tying a ligature around a growing branch, or by removing a ring of bark. The downward currents are ob- structed, like that of a stream by a dam, and new material accumulates above the obstruc- tion, and not below, as shown in Fig. 7. FIG. 7.—Effects o£ I^ Grafting, it is essential that some portions a Constriction of the cut Surfaces uniting the stock and shoot upon the Growth ghould be placed so accurately together that of a Sapling. ^ jo the sap may flow up through the alburnum or sap-wood from the stock to
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectfruitculture, bookyea
