. Properties of tree barks in relation to their agricultural utilization. Bark Utilization. Figure 2. — Fermented center of large saw- dust pile. process, organic residues undergo sufficient decomposition to narrow the C:N ratio, much of the carbon passing off as carbon dioxide. The action should be allowed to proceed to near humification where some nitrogen be- comes available as ammonium or nitrate. Materials of wide C:N ratio require addition of nitrogen fertilizers or readily decomposable nitrogenous wastes. Calcium cyanamid is a useful adjunct because, in addition to supply- ing nitrogen,
. Properties of tree barks in relation to their agricultural utilization. Bark Utilization. Figure 2. — Fermented center of large saw- dust pile. process, organic residues undergo sufficient decomposition to narrow the C:N ratio, much of the carbon passing off as carbon dioxide. The action should be allowed to proceed to near humification where some nitrogen be- comes available as ammonium or nitrate. Materials of wide C:N ratio require addition of nitrogen fertilizers or readily decomposable nitrogenous wastes. Calcium cyanamid is a useful adjunct because, in addition to supply- ing nitrogen, it neutralizes acidity arising from fermentation and promotes microbial activity. Combining fresh vegetable refuse with bark not only supplies additional nitrogen to the material but increases the composting action by hastening development of an active microbial population. Manure or sewage sludge may also be used in combination with bark. Watering and turning the pile controls the moisture, aeration, and temperature. Gessel (1959) and Macdonald and Dunn (1953) found that composted bark was superior to composted sawdust in promoting growth of cabbage in pot tests. Wood residues composted with poultry manure and rice bran have been found to depress many plant pests, apparently because the compost contains an abundance of antibiotic-producing microbes such as Trichoderma and 0 Composted wood residues provide in- tangible growth-promoting substances as well as available plant nutrients so they command premium prices. The darker color imparted by composting, especially of sawdust which is 10Personal communication from Dr. Seiji Uemura, Government Forest Experiment Station, Meguro. Tokyo, Japan. 1968. much lighter colored than bark, is an attrac- tive 1 Composts also have the capa- city to counteract toxicities of biocides (Mader 1960). Composted bark can be produced at a profit where raw materials and facilities for their processing are available. Some l
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