A dictionary of Greek and Roman . diameter. The upperstone is turned by a handle (kwitt), Schol. inTfieocrit. iv. 58) inserted at one side, and has ahole in the middle into which the corn is the process of grinding the corn makes its wayfrom the centre, and is poured out in the state offlour at the rim. (Tournefort, Voyage, Lett. 9.) Thedescription of this machine exactly agrees withthat of the Scottish quern, formerly an indispensablepart of domestic furniture. (Pennant, Tour in Scot-land, 1769, p. 231 ; and 1772, p. 328.) There canbe no doubt that this is the flour-mi
A dictionary of Greek and Roman . diameter. The upperstone is turned by a handle (kwitt), Schol. inTfieocrit. iv. 58) inserted at one side, and has ahole in the middle into which the corn is the process of grinding the corn makes its wayfrom the centre, and is poured out in the state offlour at the rim. (Tournefort, Voyage, Lett. 9.) Thedescription of this machine exactly agrees withthat of the Scottish quern, formerly an indispensablepart of domestic furniture. (Pennant, Tour in Scot-land, 1769, p. 231 ; and 1772, p. 328.) There canbe no doubt that this is the flour-mill in its mostancient form. In a very improved state it hasbeen discovered at Pompeii. The annexed wood-cut shows two which were found standing in theruins of a bakehouse. In the left-hand figure thelower millstone only is shown. The most essentialpart of it is the cone, which is surmounted by aprojection containing originally a strong iron upper millstone, seen in its place on the righthand of the woodcut, approaches the form of an. hour-glass, consisting of two hollow cones, jointed together at the apex, and provided at this pointwith a socket, by which the upper stone was sus-pended upon the iron pivot, at the same timetouching on all sides the lower stone, and withwhich it was intended to revolve. The upperstone wras surrounded at its narrowest part with astrong band of iron ; and two bars of wood wereinserted into square holes, one of which appears inthe figure, and were used to turn the upper uppermost of the two hollow cones served thepurpose of a hopper. The corn with which it wasfilled, gradually fell through the neck of the upperstone upon the summit of the lower, and, as it pro-ceeded down the cone, was ground into flour bythe friction of the two rough surfaces, and fell onall sides of the base of the cone into a channelformed for its reception. The mill here representedis five or six feet high. The hand-mills were worked among the Greeksand Roman
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Keywords: ., bookauthorsmithwilliam18131893, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1840
