Carpenter's principles of human physiology . are separated by an intermediate fibrous layer or mesoderm, which may * See also Rossbach, Die rhythm. Bewegungserschein. der einfachsten Organism, raid ihrVerhalten gegen physikal. agent, und Arzneimittel, in Verhand. d. Wlirzburg, Band ii. p. 179; Abst. Centralblatt, 1872, p. Engelmann, Centralblatt, 1867, No. Flimmerubr u. Flimmermuhle, Pfliigers Archiv, Band xv. 1877, p. 502. § See Kiihne, Schultzes Archiv, Band ii. 1867, p. 372, and Klein, in SandersonsPhysiological Handbook, 1873, p. 21. || Bowditchs
Carpenter's principles of human physiology . are separated by an intermediate fibrous layer or mesoderm, which may * See also Rossbach, Die rhythm. Bewegungserschein. der einfachsten Organism, raid ihrVerhalten gegen physikal. agent, und Arzneimittel, in Verhand. d. Wlirzburg, Band ii. p. 179; Abst. Centralblatt, 1872, p. Engelmann, Centralblatt, 1867, No. Flimmerubr u. Flimmermuhle, Pfliigers Archiv, Band xv. 1877, p. 502. § See Kiihne, Schultzes Archiv, Band ii. 1867, p. 372, and Klein, in SandersonsPhysiological Handbook, 1873, p. 21. || Bowditchs ( The Force of Ciliary Motion, Centralblatt, 1877, p. 118; Boston Surg. Journal, 1876, August 10) experiments show that the work done by the ciliatedcells is equal to the raising of their own weight 4-253 metres. That of the striped musculartissue of the heart is 35 times greater. Jeffries Wyman found that a weight of from 1-3grammes placed on 12 square mm. of the ciliated mucous membrane of the frog was moved15 mm. in one Neuro-inuscular cells. 782 ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF MUSCULAR TISSUE. Fig. 284. easily be shown to be contractile. On macerating the animal in dilute acid,the cells may be isolated, and it then appears that the contractile elementsare in reality prolongations of the cells of the ectoderm. These cells thereforeconsist of tAvo segments, an outer segment, containing a nucleus surrounded withgranular protoplasm, and an inner segment which possesses a contractilepower. Kleinenberg has applied the term neuro-muscular cells to these bodies, believing that theyrepresent in its simplest and most rudimentaryform the connection between nerve and outer part of the cell constitutes an organ ofsensation which is not yet differentiated, except infunction, from the internal contractile part; and it isnoticeable that even in the higher animals thecentral parts of the nervous system are formed froman involution of the epiblast, and that co
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