Gadolinium (Gd). Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of gadolinium-157 (atomic
Gadolinium (Gd). Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of gadolinium-157 (atomic number: 64), an isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 64 protons (red) and 93 neutrons (orange). 64 electrons (white) successively occupy available electron shells (rings). Gadolinium is a lanthanide in period 6, and the f-block of the periodic table. It melts at 1312 degrees Celsius. The trend across the lanthanide series arises from the failure of electrons filling an inner f-subshell (here, within the 4th ring) to shield outer (valence) electrons from increasing nuclear charge.
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