. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography Figure 18.—Stairstep fracture of kaolite minerals. (O'Brien 1971). Figure 19.—Stairstep structure of illite minerals. (O'Brien 1971) Tan (1957, 1959), but the fabric was found to be more complex than depicted by the early diagrams. Uncompressed flocculated kaolinite and illite was considered as consisting of a very porous network of randomly oriented flakes or clumps. A single floccule unit of kaolinite had numerous face-to-face flakes in a cluster
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography Figure 18.—Stairstep fracture of kaolite minerals. (O'Brien 1971). Figure 19.—Stairstep structure of illite minerals. (O'Brien 1971) Tan (1957, 1959), but the fabric was found to be more complex than depicted by the early diagrams. Uncompressed flocculated kaolinite and illite was considered as consisting of a very porous network of randomly oriented flakes or clumps. A single floccule unit of kaolinite had numerous face-to-face flakes in a cluster with a stairstep arrangement. The domains may be oriented at any angle and attached in edge-to-face arrangements. This representation appears quite similar to Lambe's (1958) concept of salt flocculated clays, although he did not "coin" a term for this type of struc- ture. Smalley and Cabrera (1%9) also described a similar fabric called "stepped ; O'Brien's (1971) illite floccule unit consists of several stepped face-to-face oriented flakes. During investigations of suspended sediments from the Brazos River, Texas, Mathewson and others (1973, and personal communication) observed an increase in floccule size in the downriver direction which corresponded to the increase in salinity. Clay particles were arranged predomi- nantly in face-to-face contact forming a shingle type floe. Also, surficial submarine sediments were reported to be characterized by a "shingle house" fabric of high porosity. The shingle is reported to become relatively large upon contact with water salinities of approximately 15%o and while the large shingle is in suspension it behaves as a flexible sheet (similar to a two-dimensional form). When a large sheet experiences turbulence in the coastal environ- ment, it is rolled and becomes a three dimensional thin shelled floccule (this would be similar to a crumpled sheet of paper). Mathewson (personal communica
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