Handbook to the ethnographical collections . Spfiiilifacls (Viin Wcstoiii Australia, a. Cliert. h, c. Madg from a telcgrajih insulatox. e. Bottle-j-la^ss. [Face p. 112 AUSTRALIA u; of Western, North, and Central South America, as well as amongthe ancient Mexicans (fig. 94). The bow and arrow, of undoubtedPapuan origin, occurs in the extreme north of are found in Queensland (fig. 95), and shieldsfor use against spears in most places (fig. 96); these, like. Fig. 9C. — Wooden spear-sliields from Austialhv. a. New South Qucenslanil. c. Victor
Handbook to the ethnographical collections . Spfiiilifacls (Viin Wcstoiii Australia, a. Cliert. h, c. Madg from a telcgrajih insulatox. e. Bottle-j-la^ss. [Face p. 112 AUSTRALIA u; of Western, North, and Central South America, as well as amongthe ancient Mexicans (fig. 94). The bow and arrow, of undoubtedPapuan origin, occurs in the extreme north of are found in Queensland (fig. 95), and shieldsfor use against spears in most places (fig. 96); these, like. Fig. 9C. — Wooden spear-sliields from Austialhv. a. New South Qucenslanil. c. Victoria. the other weapons, vary in type according to the district fromwhich they come. Actual war is practically unknown in Australia,but .skirmishes with other local groups in consequence of blood-feuds, and duels between individuals are frequent; in these womenparticipate, using yamsticks as weapons. Government seemsto Ije vestf-d in ln;uliiicn and a couiici] formed of the leaders 114 AUSTRALIA of the • totem or local groups. Sometimes the position ofheadman is hereditary (Victoria), but often some additionalqualification is sought, such as skill in magic. The socialorganization is complex, and tlie study of it has given riseto endless controvers)^ ; here it can only receive the briefestmention. A tribe is usually divided into two groups, calledtechnically ]ilu-atries ; the members of each phratry may not marry, but must seek their mates fromthe other phratry. Each phratrymay be divided into
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Keywords: ., bookauthorjoycetho, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookyear1910
