. Map modeling in geography : including the use of sand, clay putty, paper pulp, plaster of Paris, and other materials : also chalk modeling in its adaptation to purposes of illustration. Fig. 78. boy gave it, and his manner showed that it meant considerableto him. See Psalm 24. i. It is this ^fullness thereof that somany teachers neglect in their geography work.) 174 Coal Mines. Yes ; the things we find in the water and in the ground arevery important. What is this ? A lump of coal. * It camefrom the coal-bank. That is what some people call a small coalmine. It is in the side of a hill. Let u
. Map modeling in geography : including the use of sand, clay putty, paper pulp, plaster of Paris, and other materials : also chalk modeling in its adaptation to purposes of illustration. Fig. 78. boy gave it, and his manner showed that it meant considerableto him. See Psalm 24. i. It is this ^fullness thereof that somany teachers neglect in their geography work.) 174 Coal Mines. Yes ; the things we find in the water and in the ground arevery important. What is this ? A lump of coal. * It camefrom the coal-bank. That is what some people call a small coalmine. It is in the side of a hill. Let us make the sketch ofone. Here is the tool-house, and here the track, and the coal-dump. The cars and mules are in the mine. (Luckily for theinartistic teacher.) (Fig. y^.) The mine is dark. Father digs. Fig. Horseback. 2. Upper Layer. 3. Slate. 4. Lower Layer. 5, Clay. coal. The miners wear lamps on their hats. How is thecoal taken out? The men dig it out with picks. (Fig. 78.) Father says that the coal in our coal-bank lies in two thicklayers. Level like a table. Horizontal layers. Let usdraw these layers of coal. Our coal rests on shale and is the layer of clay and shale. A thick layer of a layer of black stone. We call that shale, but in some Uses of Coal. 175 mines the layer is of slate. Now comes another layer of coal,and then a layer of hard stone to make the roof of the mine. Father calls that the horseback. It is sandstone in manycases. George has been in the mines. Men put in timbers tosupport the roof-stone. The passages are sometimes calledgalleries, especially when one is above the others. (Fig. 79.) How useful the coal is! It gives us heat. To burn instoves and grates. To make the engines go. The locomo-
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookidmapmodelingi, bookyear1894
