. The birds of Illinois and Wisconsin . ale blue, or purplish blue; tail, bright blue, barredwith black and (except middle feathers) tipped with white; wings,bk:e, marked with white; under parts, ashy white; breast, with blackband. Cyanocitta cristata. Blue No. 218. Forehead, throat, and sides of head, dull white; back of crownand nape, blackish; back, gray; under parts, ashy, palest on thethroat. Perisoreiis canadensis. Canada No. 219. GROUP 3. Wing, to inches long. Head and breast, black; tail, long, showing more or less greenand purple reflections. Pica pica Jindso
. The birds of Illinois and Wisconsin . ale blue, or purplish blue; tail, bright blue, barredwith black and (except middle feathers) tipped with white; wings,bk:e, marked with white; under parts, ashy white; breast, with blackband. Cyanocitta cristata. Blue No. 218. Forehead, throat, and sides of head, dull white; back of crownand nape, blackish; back, gray; under parts, ashy, palest on thethroat. Perisoreiis canadensis. Canada No. 219. GROUP 3. Wing, to inches long. Head and breast, black; tail, long, showing more or less greenand purple reflections. Pica pica Jindsonica. American No. 217. General plumage, ash gray, becoming white on front of head;most of tail, white except the two middle feathers which are black; lyS Field Museum of Natural History — Zoology, Vol. IX. wings, black; wing, from to 8; tail, about ; belongs to thesubfamily Corvinae. Nucifraga columhiana. Clarkes No. 222. Subfamily CORVINiE. Crows and Ravens.* GROUP 4. Wing, to 15 inches Crow Plumage, black; wing, over ; tarsus, over 2,10; bill, overJ ^80. Corvus brachyrhynchos. American Crow. See No. 221. GROUP 5. Wing, over 15 inches long. General plumage, black; feathers on throat, narrow and pointed, size alone will distinguish it from the Crow. Corvus corax Raven., See No. 220. ♦For directions for measurement see page 21. Jan., 1909. Birds of Illinois and Wisconsin — Cory. 179 Family ICTERIDt^. Blackbirds, Orioles,Meadowlarks, etc. Bill, usually acute; first primary, not short, about the same lengthas second; base of bill slightly dividing the feathers of the forehead;nostrils exposed; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. * GROUP I. Wing, less than inches long. SECTION I. The following species have the under parts more or lessmarked with either yellow, orange, or chestnut brown : — Head and throat, black; under parts, orange yellow; back, black. Icterus galhula {male).Balti
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