. Diseases of children. tery below the encircling band. At thispoint the systolic pressure is read off. The diastolicpressure is obtained by allowing the air to escape untilthe pulsations are no longer audible through the stetho-scope ; at the point where the sound ceases we read off thediastolic pressure. The difference between the two readings is called thepulse pressure. The normal pressure varies with the age. From three DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 193 to thirteen the normal systolic pressure is fairly con-stant between 90 and 103 At the age of pubertyit rises rather rapidly to
. Diseases of children. tery below the encircling band. At thispoint the systolic pressure is read off. The diastolicpressure is obtained by allowing the air to escape untilthe pulsations are no longer audible through the stetho-scope ; at the point where the sound ceases we read off thediastolic pressure. The difference between the two readings is called thepulse pressure. The normal pressure varies with the age. From three DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 193 to thirteen the normal systolic pressure is fairly con-stant between 90 and 103 At the age of pubertyit rises rather rapidly toward the adult figures, whichnormally should be between 115 and 130 In infants under three years of age it is impracticableto take blood-pressure. Normal blood contains 5,000,000 red blood corpusclesto a cubic millimeter. At birth there are about 18,000, and later in childhoodfrom 6,000 to 12,000 white blood-corpuscles to a cubicmillimeter. The specific gravity is about ^ l rr^ i j 1 I 1 u 1 s 1 7 V J^^ LU y. Fig. si.—Thoma-Zeiss hemocytometer: a, Slide used in counting; i, sectional view;c, portion of ruled bottom of well; d, red pipet; e, white pipet. Anemia is a condition of the blood in which it is de-ficient in quantity or in one or more of its constituents. It is evidenced by pallor of the skin and mucous mem-brane, and by progressive weakness. Iron is used as theremedy, its action tending to increase the percentage ofiron in the depleted 194 DISEASES OF CHILDREN FOR NURSES Pernicious anemia is a grave form of anemia character-ized by a great deficiency in the number of red blood-corpuscles, and not associated with any definite causallesion. Plethora is an increase in the whole quantity of blood. Leukocytosis is an increase in the number of whiteblood-corpuscles. Leukemia is a disease characterized by a great increasein the number of white blood-corpuscles, with lesions ofthe spleen, lymphatic glands, and bone-marrow. Chlorosis is a disease in
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