. The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world. in into the possessionof Austria. Capital, Laibach. Pop. (1900)508,348. Carnival. The same views which ledmen to propitiate the higher invisible powers bygifts, sacrifices, and purifications, also intro-duced fasts, abstinence from pleasure, and pen-ances. By fast is meant an abstinence from theusual means of nourishment, in order to mortifythe appetites, and thereby to propitiate the every nation of importance customs of thiskind a
. The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world. in into the possessionof Austria. Capital, Laibach. Pop. (1900)508,348. Carnival. The same views which ledmen to propitiate the higher invisible powers bygifts, sacrifices, and purifications, also intro-duced fasts, abstinence from pleasure, and pen-ances. By fast is meant an abstinence from theusual means of nourishment, in order to mortifythe appetites, and thereby to propitiate the every nation of importance customs of thiskind are found. Their historical origin is inthe religious customs of the East, where thepriests were originally the physicians of thepeople, and prescribed these fasts as a part of theregimen necessary in this warm region, as wellas from religious views. Fasts are observed tothis day in the East. The religions of the Per-sians and the Hindus, those of the Mohamme-dans, and of the worshippers of the Lama, insistmuch on fasts. Few traces of them are found inthe religion of the ancient people of the North-The earliest Christians fasted on the vigils ().. •J z o M?ji < UARNIVORA The fasts on the jejunia quatuor tempestatum,which continued for three days every quarterof the year, were penances, as was that of theperiod of 40 days (before Easter, or ratherbefore Good Friday, Quadrigesimce), which wascalled, by way of excellence, the fast, and whichcommemorated the 40 days fast of Jesus in thewilderness. With regard to the origin of Chris-tian fasts, opinions differ. The most commonis, that Telesphorus, bishop of Rome, in themiddle of the second century, first instituted the40 days fast as a rule of the Church. By PopeGregory the Great, about 600, Ash Wednesday•vas made the beginning of the fast, and the daybefore was called fast eve, because in the nightof this day, at twelve oclock, the fast fast was preceded by a feast of three days,very obnoxious to the strict zeal
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectencyclo, bookyear1908
