. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 534 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1893. Fig. 27. K.^BATAIN—PAIR OF IVOHY DICE: LUCKNOW, INDIA. directly conuected with the knuckle boues. The Arabic name for the knuckle bone and the die is the same, l-^ab, and, like the knuckle bones, which are commonly thrown in pairs, natural pairs from the riiit and left leg being used, cubical dice are also thrown in pairs. Carrying out the resemblance, cubical dice in India are sold in pairs, and by vary
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 534 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1893. Fig. 27. K.^BATAIN—PAIR OF IVOHY DICE: LUCKNOW, INDIA. directly conuected with the knuckle boues. The Arabic name for the knuckle bone and the die is the same, l-^ab, and, like the knuckle bones, which are commonly thrown in pairs, natural pairs from the riiit and left leg being used, cubical dice are also thrown in pairs. Carrying out the resemblance, cubical dice in India are sold in pairs, and by varying the arrangement of the "threes" and "fours"* are actually made in pairs, rights and lefts, like the knuckle bones. If this is the true history of the descent of the cubical dotted die, its evolution must have occurred at a very early time, as the regularly marked stone die (Fron, specimens in Museum of froui thc Greck colouy of Naucratls, EofVBt Unlveri'ily ol Penn-^ylvania. 1 ^ "' ?5J1'" (fig. 28), assigned by the discoverer, Mr. Flinders Petrie, to 600'B. C, bears witness. ]S"ow, the 4 sides of the knuckle bone (talus) (fig. 30), Avhich were designated among the Eomans as supinum., pronum^ planum^ and tor- tuosnm, and corresi)ond Avith the numbers "three," "four," "one," and "six," receive in the Mohammedan East the names of ranks and con- ditions of men. The Persians, according to Dr. Hyde, t name them, respectively, "^w;^^?," "slave," "f7//j7>aM," "peas- ant," ^^vezir,^^ "viceroy," and shah, ovpadi-shah, "; Similar names are given by the same author as applied to them by the Arabs, Turks, and Armenians, From this it api^ears that the names and rank given to the significant throws, "three," "four," "one," and "six," with knuckle bones and dice in Western Asia find their coun- terparts in t
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