Ontario High School History of England . wore long pow- the eighteenth cen-dered hair, or wigs; and dressed in tury (Portrait of Johnbright colours, with rich cuffs and frills ^^^)-of lace; but about 1783 Charles James Fox, who was aleader in fashion as well as in politics, began to dress lesselaborately by way of a return to republican who spoke in the House of Commons gradually ceasedto wear court dress and swords; bishops left off their purpleand the lower clergy their cassocks. Before the centuryclosed, venturesome youth cut its hair short. By that time,to carry an umbrell
Ontario High School History of England . wore long pow- the eighteenth cen-dered hair, or wigs; and dressed in tury (Portrait of Johnbright colours, with rich cuffs and frills ^^^)-of lace; but about 1783 Charles James Fox, who was aleader in fashion as well as in politics, began to dress lesselaborately by way of a return to republican who spoke in the House of Commons gradually ceasedto wear court dress and swords; bishops left off their purpleand the lower clergy their cassocks. Before the centuryclosed, venturesome youth cut its hair short. By that time,to carry an umbrella in the street no longer attractedattention, though when this was first done a jeering crowdwas likely to follow the innovator. Manners became lessformal and the phrases of courtesy less studied. But dis-tinctions of rank, which have since yielded so much to thefreer spirit of the modern era, were still rigidly a few strictly defined exceptions, unless a man had afreehold of £100 a year or a leasehold of £150 he might not. 424 HISTORY OF ENGLAND fish or hunt even in his own grounds. The noblemen heldaloof from the country gentlemen, and it was the noblemenwho ruled the land; the younger Pitt was himself the onlycommoner in the ministry when he first took office, andeven he was the son of a peer. The landowners werehowever, no longer the only power in the state, and richeswere passing to the trading classes. Yet it was still a causeof wonder to many that tradesmen should keep privatecarriages. No matter how rich any of the tradesmen mighthave become, George III refused to create peers from thisclass. The slave-trade and duelling.—Human life was still butlightly regarded. In spite of determined foes the slave-trade went on throughout the century, and fully seventy-five thousand negroes were carried annually in slave-shipsamid conditions so horrible that about one half perished orwere permanently injured. In 1783 the master of the Zong, aBritish slave-ship, threw
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Keywords: ., bookauthorwronggeo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookyear1912
