. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . Fig. 296. — Whitworths Hydraulic Pressfor the Compression of Steel Ingots whileSolidifying. A, main compression-cylinder. B, itsplunger. C, the carriage on which themold or flask sits. G, boss against whichthe steel in the mold is forced. KK, steeljackets for the mold. LL, the moldproper. MM, perforated cast-iron lag-ging. NN, inner sand lining. comes the difficulty experienced from the (Trans- Am-Inst- of Minins En&s-> VoL * *■■ * w u i J • • XXXVIII.) format
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . Fig. 296. — Whitworths Hydraulic Pressfor the Compression of Steel Ingots whileSolidifying. A, main compression-cylinder. B, itsplunger. C, the carriage on which themold or flask sits. G, boss against whichthe steel in the mold is forced. KK, steeljackets for the mold. LL, the moldproper. MM, perforated cast-iron lag-ging. NN, inner sand lining. comes the difficulty experienced from the (Trans- Am-Inst- of Minins En&s-> VoL * *■■ * w u i J • • XXXVIII.) formation of blowholes and piping. The Harmet process (Fig. 297) consists in using a tapering mold and com-pressing the fluid by means of a hydraulic ram acting on the open end of themold. The effect of the tapering mold is to exert a lateral pressure which tendsto close up any axial pipes. The French Government require 28 per cent cropin uncompressed ingots and only 5 per cent in compressed ingots made at theSt. Etienne works by the Harmet 416 STEEL RAILS The test pieces cut from the compressed ingots show, without forgingor rolling, as good results under tensile and impact tests as test pieces cut fromingots of the same composition which had been forged with a reduction of twotimes in the cross-sectional area. There is a very marked diminution of segre-gation, the chemical analyses at the top and bottom of the ingot being sub-stantially the same. The compressed ingot has a grain of a visibly finer structureand the large cleavages often found in sections cutfrom uncompressed ingots are not found. Themetal is sound and thoroughly homogeneous. Fluid compression of the steel in the ingot, whenin proper hands, according to our present evidence,prevents pipes, blowholes, and cracks almost com-pletely, and, to a limited extent, its introduction would certainly lead tocomplication at the mills, the benefits to be derivedwarrant a trial of this method.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookidsteelrailsth, bookyear1913
