. The Canadian field-naturalist. 354 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 114 42° 30'. V \^ Areas with soils suitable as mole habit 83° 30' Figure 2. Extent of soils suitable as mole habitat in Essex and Kent (now municipality of Chatham-Kent) Counties, Ontario. Locations where Eastern Mole works were observed O and not observed X in 1997. about three metres. In contrast, Hamilton (1943) states that in the southern United States, cultivated fields are "riddled" with burrows after a rain and, in Illinois, Hoffmeister (1989) found the Eastern Mole in plowed fields. Baker (1983) re
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 354 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 114 42° 30'. V \^ Areas with soils suitable as mole habit 83° 30' Figure 2. Extent of soils suitable as mole habitat in Essex and Kent (now municipality of Chatham-Kent) Counties, Ontario. Locations where Eastern Mole works were observed O and not observed X in 1997. about three metres. In contrast, Hamilton (1943) states that in the southern United States, cultivated fields are "riddled" with burrows after a rain and, in Illinois, Hoffmeister (1989) found the Eastern Mole in plowed fields. Baker (1983) reports that fertiliza- tion and agricultural tillage have improved the mole habitat in southern Michigan and allowed the species to spread. In Canada, Eastern Moles appear to use agriculturally modified habitat infrequently. Outside Point Pelee National Park, the range of the species encompasses a largely agricultural landscape of cash crops (corn, soyabeans, wheat), greenhouses, veg- etable crops, orchards, vineyards, and other horticul- tural crops. The kind of agriculture considered most compatible with the life history of the mole, namely pastureland and hay production, is very limited in Essex County. During the 1997 fieldwork for this study. Eastern Mole works were observed on the following soil types: Berrien Sand, Berrien Sandy Loam, Brookston Clay Sandspot Phase, Caistor Sand Spot Phase, Eastport Sand, Fox Sandy Loam, Harrow Sand, Harrow Sandy Loam, Plainfield Sand, and Tuscola Fine Sandy Loam (Richards 1989). These soils can be typified as being stone-free, loose (coarse-textured) and, where topography permits, fast draining. They range from slightly alkaline to moderately acid. Caistor Sand Spot Phase and Brookston Clay Sand Spot Phase are dense, stone- free, clay soils with sandy knolls of variable size and depth overlying the clay. On these soils, moles are restricted to the sandy knolls. The soil types poten- tially suitable as Eastern Mole habitat in Essex and K
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