. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany. SEEDS. bS for our purpose. As the pupil advances farther in his hotanical studies, he will learn much more about them, as well as about fruits and flowers, in the Lessons in Botany, and other works. 254. A seed consists of its Coats and its Kernel Besides the true seed-coats, which are those of the ovule, an outer loose covering, generally an imperfect one, is occasionally superadde
. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany. SEEDS. bS for our purpose. As the pupil advances farther in his hotanical studies, he will learn much more about them, as well as about fruits and flowers, in the Lessons in Botany, and other works. 254. A seed consists of its Coats and its Kernel Besides the true seed-coats, which are those of the ovule, an outer loose covering, generally an imperfect one, is occasionally superadded while the seed is growing. This is called an An'l. Mace is the aril of the nutmeg. The scarlet pulpy covering of the seeds of the Strawberiy-tree and tlie Staff-tree or Waxwork is also an aril. 255. The Seed-Coats are commonly two, an outer and an inner; the latter gen- erally thin and delicate. The outer coat is sometimes close and even, and fitted to the kernel, as in Morning-Glory (Fig. 227) ; some- times it is furnished with a tuft of long hairs, as in Milkweed (Fig. 229), or else is covered with long woolly hairs, as in the Cotton-plant, wdiere they form that most useful material, Cotton-wool. In some ca^es the outer coat is extended into a thin border or wing, as in the Trumpet-Creeper (Fig. 228). Catalpa-seeds have a fringe-like wing or tuft at each end. The seeds of Pines are M'inged at one end (Fig. 22G). All these tufte and win<T^3 are contrivances for renderinir such seeds buovant, so that, wdien shed, they may be dispersed by the wind. Thistle-down, and the like, is a similar con- trivance on the fruit or akene. 256. The seed is often supported by a stalk of its own, the Seed-stalk. Where the seed separates, it leaves a mark, called the Scar or Hilum. This is conspicu- ous in a bean and a pea, and is remarkably large in a horsechestnut. 257. The Kernel is the whole body of the seed within the coats. It consists of the Embryo, and of the Albimien, when there is
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