. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 122 R P. CROLL ET AL. velunry hinge pedal g velum mouth I hinge. Figure 5. Aldehyde-induced fluorescence of catecholamines (A, B) and serotonin-like immunoreactivity (C-F) in pediveligers of Myti/us echilis. (A) Aldehyde-induced fluorescence in a 34-day-old larva with gills. A string of somata can be seen along the outer rim of the velum. Although the developing shell and body tissues often obscure details, diffuse fluorescence from numerous out-of-focus cells can be seen along the entire foot and in a concentration in the p
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 122 R P. CROLL ET AL. velunry hinge pedal g velum mouth I hinge. Figure 5. Aldehyde-induced fluorescence of catecholamines (A, B) and serotonin-like immunoreactivity (C-F) in pediveligers of Myti/us echilis. (A) Aldehyde-induced fluorescence in a 34-day-old larva with gills. A string of somata can be seen along the outer rim of the velum. Although the developing shell and body tissues often obscure details, diffuse fluorescence from numerous out-of-focus cells can be seen along the entire foot and in a concentration in the pedal ganglia (pedal g.). The hinge of M. editlis autofluoresces yellow whether or not glutaraldehyde is added to the fixative. (B) The velum is much smaller in this 41- day-old specimen, although aldehyde-induced fluorescence can still be seen in cells along its outer rim. Other cells can be seen in the region of the mouth and the foot. (C) Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in a 34-day-old pediveliger. Varicose fibers in the velum appear to originate from somata in the underlying cerebral or apical ganglia ( g.). Varicose fibers in the foot appear to originate from somata in the pedal ganglia. (D) Frontal view shows varicose serotonin-like immunoreactive fibers along the outer rim of the velum and within the toot. (E) A deeper focus shows that one medial (larger arrow) and (wo lateral (smaller arrows) serotonin-like immunoreactive somata in the cerebral or apical ganglia underlie the velum. (F) Lateral view shows varicose fibers running around the edge of the mantle. Immunoreactive somata or converging fibers clearly mark the locations of the developing cerebral or apical ganglia, pedal ganglia, and abdominal ganglia (abdom. g.). Calibration bars equal about 58 ^m in A, B, and F and about 38 fjm in C. D. and E. Croll, unpubl. data) that adult bivalves possess catechol- amine-containing neurons that reside not only within the central ganglia but also peripherally, wher
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