The mass and vestments of the Catholic church, liturgical, doctrinal, historical and archaeological . rettaentirely for the cowl. 508 The Mass and Vestments Cassock. The cassock, called in French casaque, butmore commonly soutane, is that long, outer, blackgarment worn by priests in their rectories and at all sacred functions. Insome countries it is alsoa street and travel-wornvesture. The membersof religious Orders callit a habit. Formerly itwas called pellicia orpelisse from pellis (skinor hide), because some-times it was made of theskins of animals, andoftener with cloth linedwith fur. Henc
The mass and vestments of the Catholic church, liturgical, doctrinal, historical and archaeological . rettaentirely for the cowl. 508 The Mass and Vestments Cassock. The cassock, called in French casaque, butmore commonly soutane, is that long, outer, blackgarment worn by priests in their rectories and at all sacred functions. Insome countries it is alsoa street and travel-wornvesture. The membersof religious Orders callit a habit. Formerly itwas called pellicia orpelisse from pellis (skinor hide), because some-times it was made of theskins of animals, andoftener with cloth linedwith fur. Hence theword surplice—some-thing worn over a fur-lined garment. It was long after the twelfth century beforethe cassock became the exclusive garment ofclerics, and then only when its place was usurpedby the more convenient short coat. Prior to this,it was the raiment of all alike, clergy, laity, maleand female. Because it was intended for warmth it waslined with furs. This custom was retained longafter its adoption as a clerical garment. The furwas ermine for dignitaries and sheep-skin CASSOCK Supplementary Vestments 509 The color of the Popes cassock is white; cardi-nals red and violet; of bishops, violet and black,red-trimmed; of prelates, same as bishops; ofsecular priests, black; of doctors in theology andcanon law, scarlet; of Camaldolese, Cistercians,Carthusians and Dominicans, white; of Sylves-trians, dark blue; of Jeromite, gray; of MinorConventuals and Minor Observants, ash colored;of Franciscans, brown. When a monk is elevated to a prelacy or cardi-nalate he still retains in his cassock the color ofhis religious habit. The peculiar wings of some students cassockson the continent are interpreted as the leadingstrings whereby tutors kept their pupils undercontrol, a fashion once in vogue in Rome. Surplice. From its fur lin-ing the cassock wascalled in medievalLatin the pellicia;the name super-pellicia (over thefur) was according- k ;?ly given to the gar-ment
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